楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:41:08

【春秋繁露】

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-15 13:57 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●自序</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;<BR>1自序:余少好讀董生書,初得凌氏注本,惜其稱引繁博,義蘊未究。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>已而聞有為董氏學者,繹其義例,頗複詫異。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>乃盡屏諸說,潛心玩索,如是有日,始粗明其旨趣焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>《繁露》非完書也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>而其說《春秋》者,又不過十之五六。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>然而五比偶類,鑒緒屠贅,尚可以多連博貫,是在其人之深思慎述。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>而緣引傅會,以自成其曲說者,亦未嘗不因其書之少也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>2自序:余因推思董書湮抑之繇,蓋武帝崇奉《春秋》本田平津,董生實與之殊趣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>生於帝又有以言熒異下吏之嫌,雖其後帝思前言,使其弟子呂步舒以《春秋》義治淮南獄,且輯用生《公羊》議,時複遣大臣就問政典,抑貌敬以為尊經隆儒之節耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>史公稱公孫弘以《春秋》白衣為天子三公,天下學士靡然響風。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>則當日朝野風尚可以概見。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>其後眭孟以再傳弟子誤會師說,上書昭帝,卒被刑誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>董云:「難有繼體守文之君,不害聖人之受命。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>殆謂如孔子受命作《春秋》,行天子之事耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>弘乃請漢帝索求賢人而退,自封百裡,是直俗禪位也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>故史獨稱贏公一傅能守師法。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>當時禁綱嚴峻,其書殆如後世之遭毀禁,學者益不敢出。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>乃到劭公釋《傳》,但述胡毋,不及董生,階此故已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>韻崇古學,今文益微,《公羊》且被譏議,董書更何自存?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>是以荀爽對策,請頒制度分別;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>應劭撰集,中有斷獄之書。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>則知易代幸存,都未流布,今並此而佚,惜哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>非隋唐人時見徵引,則宋世且無從輯錄此書矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>雖真贗糅雜,而珍共球璧,豈不以久晦之故與?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>國朝嘉道之間,是書大顯,綴學之士,益知贊研《公羊》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>而如龔自珍、劉逢祿、宋翔鳳、戴望之徒,劉宋皆莊存與甥,似不如莊之矜慎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>闡發要眇,頗複鑿之使深,漸乖本旨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>承其後者,沿訛襲謬,流為隱怪,幾使董生純儒蒙世詬厲,豈不異哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>3自序:《義證》之作,隨時札錄,宦學多暇,繕寫成帙。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>以呈長沙師,師亟取公錢刊行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>舛駁疏舛,自知不免,惟通識君子,恕其愚蒙,匡其闕誤,則幸甚。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>宣統己酉十月,平江蘇輿敬識於宣武門內小絨線胡同寓廬。</STRONG></P>
<P><BR><STRONG>引用:</STRONG><A href="http://ctext.org/chun-qiu-fan-lu/zh"><STRONG>http://ctext.org/chun-qiu-fan-lu/zh</STRONG></A><BR></P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:58:13

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-15 13:59 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●楚莊王</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1楚莊王:楚莊王殺陳夏徵舒,春秋貶其文,不予專討也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>靈王殺齊慶封,而直稱楚子,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:莊王之行頤賢,而舒之罪重。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以賢君討重罪,其於人心善。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若不貶,孰知其非正經。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》常於其嫌得者,見其不得也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故齊桓不予專地而對,晉文不予致王而朝,楚莊弗予專殺而討。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三者不得,則諸侯之得,殆此矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此楚靈之所以稱子而討也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之辭,多所況,是文約而法明也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:不予諸侯之專封,複見於陳蔡之滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不予諸侯之專討,獨不複見於慶封之殺,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》之用辭,已明者去之,未明者著之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今諸侯之不得專討,固已明矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而慶封之罪未有所見也,故稱楚子以伯討之,著其罪之宜死,以為天下大禁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:人臣之行,貶主之位,亂國之臣,雖不篡殺,其罪皆宜死,比於此其云爾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》曰:「晉伐鮮虞。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>奚惡乎晉而同夷狄也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》尊禮而重信。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>信重於地,禮尊於身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何以知其然也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宋伯姬疑禮而死於火,齊桓公疑信而虧其地,《春秋》賢而舉之,以為天下法,曰禮而信。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不答,施無不報,天之數也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2楚莊王:今我君臣同姓適女,女無良心,不符號。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有恐畏我,何其不夷狄也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公子慶父之亂,魯危殆亡,而齊侯安之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於彼無親,尚來擾我,如何與同姓而殘賊遇我。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「宛彼鳴鳩,翰飛戾天。</STRONG><STRONG>我心憂傷,念彼先人。</STRONG><STRONG>明發不味,有懷二人。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人皆有此心也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今晉不以同姓憂我,而強大厭我,我心望焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故言之不好。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>謂之晉而已,婉辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉惡而不可親,公往而不敢到,乃人情耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子何恥而稱公有疾也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:惡無故自來。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子不恥,內省不疚,何憂於誌,是已矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今《春秋》恥之者,昭公有以取之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣陵其君,始於文而甚於昭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公受亂陵夷,而無懼惕之心,囂囂然輕計妄討,犯大禮而取同姓,接不義而重自輕也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人之言曰:「國家治,則四鄰賀;</STRONG><STRONG>國家亂,則四鄰散。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故季孫專其位,而大國莫之正。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>出走八年,死乃得歸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>身亡子危,困之到也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子不恥其困,而恥其所以窮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昭公難逢此時,敬不取同姓,諜到於是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖取同姓,能用孔子自輔,亦不到如是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>時難而治簡,行枉而無救,是其所以窮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3楚莊王:春秋分十二世以為三等:有見,有聞,有傳聞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有見三世,有聞四世,有傳聞五世。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故哀、定、昭,君子之所見也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>襄、成、文、宣,君子之所聞也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>僖、閔、莊、桓、隱,君子之所傳聞也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所見六十一年,所聞八十五年,所傳聞九十六年。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於所見微其辭,於所聞痛其禍,於傳聞殺其恩,與情俱也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故逐季氏而言又雩,微其辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4楚莊王:子赤殺,弗忍書日,痛其禍也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子般殺而書乙未,殺其恩也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>屈伸之志,詳略之文,皆應之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吾以其近近而遠遠,親親而疏疏也,亦知其貴貴而賤賤,重重而輕輕也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有知其厚厚而薄薄,善善而惡惡也,有知其陽陽而陰陰,白白而黑黑也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百物皆有合偶,偶之合之,仇之匹之,善矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「成儀抑抑,德音秩秩。</STRONG><STRONG>無怨無惡,率由仇匹。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》,義之大者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>視其溫辭,可以知其塞怨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故於外,道而不顯,於內,諱而不隱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於尊亦然,於賢亦然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此其別內外、差賢不肖而等尊卑也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>義不訕上,智不危身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故遠者以義諱,近者以智畏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>畏與義兼,則世逾近而言逾謹矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此定哀之所以微其辭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以故用則天下平,不用則安其身,《春秋》之道也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5楚莊王:《春秋》之道,奉天而法古。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故雖有巧手,弗循規矩,不能正方員。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖有察耳,不吹六律,不能定五音。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖有知心,不覽先王,不能平天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亦天下之規矩六律已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故聖者法天,賢者法聖,此其大數也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得大數而治,失大數而亂,此治亂之分也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所聞天下無二道,故聖人異治同理也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6楚莊王:古今通達,故先賢傳其法於後世也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之於世事也,善複古,譏易常,欲其法先王也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而介以一言曰:「王者必改制。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自僻者得此以為辭,曰:古苟可循先王之道,何莫相因?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世迷是聞,以疑正道而信邪言,甚可患也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>答之曰:人有聞諸侯之君射《狸首》之樂者,於是自斷狸首,懸而射之,曰:安在於樂也!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此聞其名而不知其實者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今所謂新王必改制者,非改其道,非變其理,受命於天,易姓更王,非繼前王而王也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若一因前制,修故業,而無有所改,是與繼前王而王者無以別。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>受命之君,天之所大顯也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事父者承意,事君者儀誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事天亦然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今天大顯已,物襲所代而率與同,則不顯不明,非天誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故必徙居處、更稱號、改正朔、易服色者,無他焉,不敢不順天誌而明白顯也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若夫大綱、人倫、道理、政治、教化、習俗、文義盡如故,亦何改哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故王者有改制之名,無易道之實。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「無為而治者,其舜乎!」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>言其主堯之道而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非不易之效與?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:物改而天授顯矣,其必更作樂,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:樂異乎是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>制為應天改之,樂為應人作之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>彼之所受命者,必民之所同樂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故大改制於初,所以明天命也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>更作樂於終,所以見天功也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>緣天下之所新樂而為之文曲,且以和政,且以同德。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天下未遍合和,王者不虛作樂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>樂者,盈於內而動發於外者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>應其治時,制禮作樂以成之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>成者,本末質文皆以具矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故作樂者必反天下之所始樂於己以為本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舜時,民樂其昭堯之業也,故《韶》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「韶」者,昭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>禹之時,民樂其三聖相繼,故《夏》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「夏」者,大也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>湯之時,民樂其救之於患害也,故《濩》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「濩」者,救也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>文王之時,民樂其同師徵伐也,故《武》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「武」者,伐也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>四者,天下同樂之,一也,其所同樂之端不可一也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂之法,必反本之所樂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所樂不同事,樂安得不世異?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故舜作《韶》而禹作《夏》,湯作《濩》而文王作《武》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>四樂殊名,則各順其民始樂於己也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見其效矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「文王受命,有此武功。</STRONG><STRONG>既伐於崇,作邑於豐。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>樂之風也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:「王赫斯怒,爰整其旅。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當是時,紂為無道,諸侯大亂,民樂文王之怒而詠歌之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周人德已洽天下,反本以為樂,謂之《大武》,言民所始樂者武也云爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故凡樂者,作之於終,而名之以始,重本之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此觀之,正朔、服色之改,受命應天制禮作樂之異,人心之動也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>二者離而複合,所為一也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:58:27

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●玉杯</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1玉杯:《春秋》譏文公以喪取。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:「喪之法,不過三年。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三年之喪,二十五月。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今按經,文公乃四十一月方取。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>取時無喪,出其法也久矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何以謂之喪取。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:春秋之論事,莫重於誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今取必納幣,納幣之月在喪分,故謂之喪取也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且文公以秋祭,以冬納幣,皆失於太蚤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》不譏其前,而顧譏其後,必以三年之喪,肌膚之情也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖從俗而不能終,猶宜未平於心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今全無悼遠之志,反思念取事,是《春秋》之所甚疾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故譏不出三年於首而已,譏以喪取也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不別先後,賤其無人心也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>緣此以論禮,禮之所重者在其誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誌敬而節具,則君子予之知禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誌和而音雅,則君子予之知樂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誌哀而居約,則君子予之知喪。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:非虛加之,重誌之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誌為質,物為文。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>文著於質,質不居文,文安施質?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>質文兩備,然後其禮成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>文質偏行,不得有我爾之名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俱不能備而偏行之,寧有質而無文。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖弗予能禮,尚少善之,介葛廬來是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有文無質,非直不子,乃少惡之,謂州公實來是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然則《春秋》之序道也,先質而後文,右誌而左物。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「禮云禮云,玉帛云乎哉?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>推而前之,亦宜曰:朝云朝云,辭令云乎哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「樂云樂云,鐘鼓云乎哉?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>引而後之,亦宜曰:喪雲喪雲,衣服雲乎哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故孔子立新王之道,明其貴誌以反和,見其好誠以滅偽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其有繼周之弊,故若此也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2玉杯:《春秋》之法,以人隨君,以君隨天。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一日不可無君,而猶三年稱子者,為君心之未當立也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非以人隨君耶?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孝子之心,三年不當。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三年不當而逾年即位者,與天數俱終始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非以君隨天邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故屈民而伸君,屈君而伸天,《春秋》之大義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》論十二世之事,人道浹而王道備。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>法布二百四十二年之中,相耿左右,以成文采。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其居參錯,非襲古也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故論《春秋》者,合而通之,緣而求之,五其比,偶其類,覽其緒,屠其贅,是以人道浹而王法立。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以為不然?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今夫天子逾年即位,諸侯於封內三年稱子,皆不在經也,而操之與在經無以異。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非無其辨也,有所見而經安受其贅也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故能以比貫類、以辨付贅者,大得之矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3玉杯:人受命於天,有善善惡惡之性,可養而不可改,可豫而不可去,若形體之可肥,而不可得革也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故雖有到賢,能為君親含容其惡,不能為君親令無惡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事親亦然,皆忠孝之極也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非到賢安能如是?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>父不父則子不子,君不君則臣不臣耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4玉杯:文公不能服喪,不時奉祭,不以三年,又以喪取,取於大夫,以卑宗廊,亂其群祖以逆先公。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小善無一,而大惡四五,故諸侯弗予盟,是惡惡之徵、不臣之效也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>出侮於外,人奪於內,無位之君也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「政逮於大夫四世矣。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蓋自文公以來之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5玉杯:君子知在位者之不能以惡服人也,是故簡六藝以贍養之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》《書》具其志,《禮》《樂》純其養,《易》《春秋》明其知。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>六學皆大,而各有所長。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》道誌,故長於質。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《禮》制節,故長於文。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《樂》詠德,故長於風。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》著功,故長於事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》本天地,故長於數。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》正是非,故長於治人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>能兼得其所長,而不能遍舉其詳也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>礦人主大節則知暗,大博則業厭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>二者異失同貶,其傷必到,不可不察也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故善為師者,既美其道,有慎其行,齊時蚤晚,任多少,適疾徐,造而勿趨,稽而勿苦,省其所為,而成其所湛,故力不勞而身大成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6玉杯:《春秋》之好微與?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其貴誌也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》修本末之義,達變故之應,通生死之志,遂人道之極者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故君殺賊討,則善而書其誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若莫之討,則君不書葬,而賊不複見矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不書葬,以為無臣子也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賊不複見,以其宜滅絕也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今趙質弒君,四年之後,別牘複見,非《春秋》之常辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古今之學者異而問之,曰:是弒君何以複見?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>猶曰:賊未討,何以書葬?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何以書葬者,不宜書葬也而書葬。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何以複見者,亦不宜複見也而複見。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>二者同貫,不得不相若也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>質之複見,直以赴問,而辨不親弒,非不當誅也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>則亦不得不謂悼公之書葬,直以赴問而辨不成弒,非不當罪也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若是則《春秋》之說亂矣,豈可法哉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無比而處之,誣辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今視其比,皆不當死,何以誅之?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》赴問數百,應問數千,同留經中。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>翻援比類,以發其端。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>卒無妄言而得應於傳者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今使外賊不可誅,故皆複見,而問曰此複見何也,言莫妄於是,何以得應乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故吾以其得應,知其問之不妄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以其問之不妄,知質之獄不可不察也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫名為弒父而實免罪者,已有之矣;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亦有名為弒君,而罪不誅者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>逆而距之,不若徐而味之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且吾語質有本,《詩》云:「他人有心,予忖度之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此言物莫無鄰,察視其外,可以見其內也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今案盾事而觀其心,願而不刑,合而信之,非篡弒之鄰也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>按盾辭號乎天,苟內不誠,安能如是?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故訓其終始無弒之志。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>掛惡謀者,過在不遂去,罪在不討賊而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣之宜為君討賊也,猶子之宜為父嘗藥也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子不嘗藥,故加之弒父;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣不討賊,故加之弒君。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所以示天下廢臣子之節,其惡之大若此也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故盾之不討賊,為弒君也,與止之不嘗藥為弒父無以異。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>盾不宜誅,以此參之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:夫謂之弒而有不誅,其論難知,非蒙之所能見也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故赦止之罪,以傳明之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>盾不誅,無傳,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:世亂義廢,背上不臣,篡弒覆君者多,而有明大惡之誅,誰言其誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故晉趙質、楚公子比皆不誅之文,而弗為傳,弗欲明之心也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:人弒其君,重卿在而弗能討者,非一國也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>靈公弒,趙盾不在。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不在之與在,惡有厚薄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》責在而不討賊者,弗擊臣子爾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>責不在而不討賊者,乃加弒焉,何其責厚惡之薄、薄惡之厚也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》之道,視人所惑,為立說以大明之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今趙盾賢而不遂於理,皆見其善,莫見其罪,故因其所賢而加之大惡,擊之重責,使人湛思而自省悟以反道。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:吁!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君臣之大義,父子之道,乃到乎此,此所由惡薄而責之厚也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>他國不討賊者,諸斗筲之民,何足數哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>弗擊人數而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此所由惡厚而責薄也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傳曰:輕為重,重為輕,非是之謂乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故公子比嫌可以立,趙盾嫌無臣責,許止嫌無子罪。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》為人不知惡而恬行不備也,是故重累責之,以矯枉世而直之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>矯者不過其正,弗能直。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知此而義異矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:58:44

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-15 14:06 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●竹林</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1竹林:《春秋》之常辭也,不予夷狄而予中國為禮,到之戰,偏然反之,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》無通辭,從變而移。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今晉變而為夷狄,楚變而為君子,故移其辭以從其事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫莊王之舍鄭,有可貴之美,晉人不知其善,而欲擊之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所救已解,如挑與之戰,此無善善之心,而輕救民之意也,是以賤之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而不使得與賢者為禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>秦穆侮蹇叔而大敗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄭文輕眾而喪師。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之敬賢重民如是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故戰攻侵伐,雖數百起,必一二書,傷其害所重也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:其書戰伐甚謹。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其惡戰伐無辭,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:會同之事,大者主小;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>戰伐之事,後者主先。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟不惡,何為使起之者居下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是其惡戰伐之且《春秋》之法,凶年不修舊,意在無苦民爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苦民尚惡之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>況傷民乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傷民尚痛之,況殺民乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:凶年舊則譏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>造邑則諱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是害民之小者,惡之小也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>害民之大者,惡之大也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今戰伐之於民,其為害幾何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>考意而觀指,則《春秋》之所惡者,不任德而任力,驅民而殘賊之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其所好者,設而勿用,仁義以服之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>詩云:「弛其文德,洽此四國。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之所善也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫德不足以親近,而文不足以來遠,而斷斷以戰伐為之者,此固《春秋》之所甚疾已,皆非義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:《春秋》之書戰伐也,有惡有善也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡詐擊而善偏戰,奈何以《春秋》為無義戰而盡惡之也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:凡《春秋》之記災異也,雖有數莖,猶謂之無麥苗也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今天下之大,三百年之久,戰攻侵攻不可勝數,而複者有二焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是何以異於無麥苗之有數莖哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不足以難之,故謂之無義戰也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以無義戰為不可,則無麥苗亦不可也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以無麥苗為可,則無義戰亦可矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若《春秋》之於偏戰也,善其偏,不善其戰,有以效其然也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》愛人,而戰者殺人,君子奚說善殺其所愛哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《春秋》之於偏戰也,猶其於諸夏也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>引之魯,則謂之外;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>引之夷狄,則謂之內。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>比之詐戰,則謂之義;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>比之不戰,則謂之不義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故盟不如不盟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而有所謂善盟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>戰不如不戰,然而有所謂善戰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不義之中有義,義之中有不義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>辭不能及,皆在於指,非精心達思者,其孰能知之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「棠棣之華,偏其反而。</STRONG><STRONG>豈不爾思?</STRONG><STRONG>室是遠而。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「未之思,夫何遠之有!」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由是觀之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見其指者,不任其辭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不任其辭,然後可與適道矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2竹林:司馬子反為其君使。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>廢君命,與敵情,從其所請,與宋平。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是內專政而外擅名也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>專政則輕君,擅名則不臣,而《春秋》大之,奚由哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:為其有慘怛之恩,不忍餓一國之民,使之相食。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>推恩者遠之而大,為仁者自然而美。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今子反出己之心,矜宋之民,無計其閒,故大之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:《春秋》之法,卿不憂諸侯,政不在大夫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子反為楚臣而恤宋民,是憂諸侯也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不複其君而與敵平,是政在大夫也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>溴梁之盟,信在大夫,而諸侯刺之,為其奪君尊也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>平在大夫,亦奪君尊,而《春秋》大之,此所間也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且《春秋》之義,臣有惡,擅名美。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故忠臣不諫,欲其由君出也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》曰:「爾有嘉謀嘉猷,入告爾君於內,爾乃順之於外,曰:此謀此猷,惟我君之德。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此為人臣之法也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古之良大夫,其事君皆若是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今子反去君近而不複,莊王可見而不告,皆以其解二國之難為不得已也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>奈其奪君名美何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此所惑也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》之道,固有常有變,變用於變,常用於常,各止其科,非相妨也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今諸子所稱,皆天下之常,雷同之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子反之行,一曲之變。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>獨修之意也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫目驚而體失其容,心驚而事有所忘,人之情也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>通於驚之情者,取其一美,不盡其失。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「采葑采菲,無以下體。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今子反往視宋,間人相食,大驚而哀之,不意之到於此也,是以心駭目動而違常禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>禮者,庶於仁、文,質而成體者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今使人相食,大失其仁,安著其禮?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>方救其質,奚恤其文?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之辭,有所謂賤者,有賤乎賤者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫有賤乎賤者,則亦有貴乎貴者矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今讓者《春秋》之所貴。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖然見人相食,驚人相爨,救之忘其讓,君子之道有貴於讓者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故說《春秋》者,無以平定之常義,疑變故之大則,義幾可諭矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3竹林:《春秋》記天下之得失,而見所以然之故。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>甚幽而明,無傳而著,不可不察也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫泰山之為大,弗察弗見,而況微渺者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故案《春秋》而適往事,窮其端而視其故,得誌之君子,有喜之人,不可不慎也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊頃公親齊桓公之孫,國固廣大而地勢便利矣,又得霸主之余尊,而誌加於諸侯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以此之故,難使會同,而易使驕奢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>即位九年,未嘗肯一與會同之事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有怒魯衛之志,而不從諸侯於清丘、斷道。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>春往伐魯,入其北郊,顧返伐衛,敗之新築。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當是時也,方乘勝而誌廣,大國往聘,慢而弗敬其使者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉魯懼怒,內悉其眾,外得黨與曹衛,四國相輔,大困之奸,獲齊頃公,逄丑父。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>深本頃公之所以大辱身,幾亡國,為天下笑,其端乃從懾魯勝衛起。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伐魯,魯不敢出,擊衛,大敗之,因得氣而無敵國以興患也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰,得誌有喜,不可不戒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此其效也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自是之後,頃公恐懼,不聽聲樂,不飲酒食肉,內愛百姓,問疾吊霄,外敬諸侯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>從會與盟,卒終其身,國家安寧。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是福之本生於憂,而祝起於喜也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>嗚呼!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>物之所由然,其於人切近,可不省邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4竹林:逄丑父殺其身以生其君,何以不得謂知權?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>丑父欺晉,祭仲許宋,俱枉正以存其君。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而丑父之所為,難於祭仲,祭仲見賢而丑父猶見非,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:是非難別者在此。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此其嫌疑相似而不同理者,不可不察。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫去位而避兄弟者,君子之所甚貴;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>獲虜逃遁者,君子之所甚賤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>祭仲措其君於人所甚貴以生其君,故《春秋》以為知權而賢之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>丑父措其君於人所甚賤以生其君,《春秋》以為不知權而簡之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其俱枉正以存君,相似也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其使君榮之與使君辱,不同理。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故凡人之有為也,前枉而後義者,謂之中權,雖不能成,《春秋》善之,魯隱公、鄭祭仲是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>前正而後有枉者,謂之邪道,雖能成之,《春秋》不愛,齊頃公、逄丑父是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫冒大辱以生,其情無樂,故賢人不為也,而眾人疑焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》以為人之不知義而疑也,故示之以義,曰國滅君死之,正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>正也者,正於天之為人性命也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天之為人性命,使行仁義而羞可恥,非若鳥獸然,苟為生,苟為利而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故《春秋》推天施而順人理,以到尊為不可以加於到辱大羞,故獲者絕之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以到辱為亦不可以加於到尊大位,故難失位弗君也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>已反國複在位矣,而《春秋》猶有不君之辭,況其固然方獲而虜邪。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其於義也,非君定矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若非君,則丑父何權矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故欺三軍為大罪於晉,其免頃公為辱宗廟於齊,是以雖難而《春秋》不愛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>丑父大義,宜言於頃公曰:「君慢侮而怒諸侯,是失禮大矣。</STRONG><STRONG>今被大辱而弗能死,是無恥也而複重罪。</STRONG><STRONG>請俱死,無辱宗廟,無羞社稷。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如此,雖陷其身,尚有廉名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>嘗此之時,死賢於生。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故君子生以辱,不如死以榮,正是之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由法論之,則丑父欺而不中權,忠而不中義,以為不然?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>複察《春秋》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之序辭也,置王於春正之間,非日上奉天施而下正人,然後可以為王也云爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5竹林:今善善惡惡,好榮憎辱,非人能自生,此天施之在人者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子以天施之在人者聽之,則丑父弗忠也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天施之在人者,使人有廉恥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有廉恥者,不生於大辱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大辱莫甚於去南面之位而束獲為虜也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曾子曰:「辱若可避,避之而已。</STRONG><STRONG>及其不可避,君子視死如歸。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>謂如頃公者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6竹林:《春秋》曰:「鄭伐許。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>奚惡於鄭而夷狄之也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:衛侯卒,鄭師侵之,是伐喪也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄭與諸侯盟於蜀,以盟而歸,諸侯於是伐許,是叛盟也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伐喪無義,叛盟無信,無信無義,故大惡之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>問者曰:「是君死,其子未逾年,有稱伯不子,法辭其罪何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:先王之制,有大喪者,三年不呼其門,順其誌之不在事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》云:「高宗諒暗,三年不言。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>居喪之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今縱不能如是,奈何其父卒未逾年即以喪舉兵也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》以薄恩,且施失其子心,故不複得稱子,謂之鄭伯,以辱之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且其先君襄公伐喪叛盟,得罪諸侯,諸侯怒之未解,惡之未已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>繼其業者,宜務善以覆之,父伐人喪,子以喪伐人,父加不義於人,子施失恩於親,以犯中國,是父負故惡於前,己起大惡於後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯果怒而憎之,率而俱到,謀共擊之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄭乃恐懼,去楚而成蟲牢之盟是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚與中國俠而擊之,鄭罷疲危亡,終身愁辜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無義而敗,由輕心然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「道千乘之國,敬事而信。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知其為得失之大也,故敬而慎之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今鄭伯既無子恩,又不熟計,舉兵不當,被患不窮,自取之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以生不得稱子,去其義也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>死不得書葬,見其窮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有國者視此。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>行身不放義,同事不審時,興事不審時,其何如此爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:58:59

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●玉英</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1玉英:謂一元者,大始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知元年誌者,大人之所重,小人之所輕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故治國之端在正名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>名之正,興五世,五傳之外,美惡乃形,可謂得其真矣,非子路之所能見。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2玉英:惟聖人能屬萬物於一,而擊之元也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>終不及本所從來而承之,不能遂其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以《春秋》變一謂之元。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>元,猶原也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其義以隨天地終始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人唯有終始也,而生不必應四時之變。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故元者為萬物之本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而人之元在焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>安在乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃在乎天地之前。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人雖生天氣及奉天氣者,不得與天元本、天元命而共違其所為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故春正月者,承天地之所為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>繼天之所為而終之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其道相與共功持業。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>安容言乃天地之元?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天地之元奚為於此惡施於人?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大其貫承意之理矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3玉英:是故《春秋》之道,以元之深正天之端,以天之端,正王之政,以王之政正諸侯之即位,以諸侯之即位正竟內之治。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五者俱正,而化大行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4玉英:非其位而即之,雖受之先君,《春秋》危之,宋繆公是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非其位,不受之先君,而自即之,《春秋》危之,吳王僚是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖然,苟能行善得眾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》弗危,衛侯晉以立書葬是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俱不宜立,而宋繆受之先君而危。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>衛宣弗受先君而不危,以此見得眾心之為大安也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故齊桓非直弗受之先君也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃率弗宜為君者而立,罪亦重矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而知鞏懼,敬眾賢人,而以自覆蓋,知不背要盟以自湔浣也,遂為賢君,而霸諸侯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>使齊桓被惡而無此美,得免殺戮乃幸已,何霸之有!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯桓忘其憂而禍逮其身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓憂其憂而立功名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>推而散之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡人有憂而不知憂者凶,有憂而深憂之者吉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》曰:「複自道,何其咎。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>匹夫之反道以除咎尚難,人主之反道以除咎甚易。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「德如毛。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>言其易也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5玉英:公觀魚於棠,何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡人之性,莫不善義,然而不能義者,利敗之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故君子終日言不及利,欲以勿言愧之而已,愧之以塞其源也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫處位動風化者,徒言利之名爾,猶惡之,況求利乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故天王使人求賻求金,皆為大惡而書。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今非直使人也,親自求之,是為甚惡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>譏何故言觀魚?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>猶言觀社也,皆諱大惡之辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6玉英:《春秋》有經禮,有變禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為如安性平心者,經禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>至有於性,雖不安,於心,雖不平,於道,無以易之,此變禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故昏禮不稱主人,經禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>辭窮無稱,稱主人,變禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天子三年然後稱王,經禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有故則未三年而稱王,變禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>婦人無出境之事,經禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>母為子娶婦,奔喪父母,變禮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>明乎經變之事,然後知輕重之分,可與適權矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:《春秋》事同者辭同。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此四者俱為變禮,而或達於經,或不達於經,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》理百物,辨品類,別嫌微。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>修本未者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故星墜謂之隕,螽附謂之雨,其所發之處不同,或降於天,或發於地,其辭不可同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今四者俱為變禮也同,而其所發亦不同。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或發於男,或發於女,其辭不可同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是或達於常,或達於變也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7玉英:桓之志無王,故不書王。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其誌欲立,故書即位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>書即位者,言其弒君兄也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不書王者,以言其背天子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故隱不言立,桓不言王者,從其誌以見其事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>從賢之志以達其義,從不肖之志以著其惡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,《春秋》之所善,善也,所不善,亦不善也,不可不兩省也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8玉英:經曰:「宋督弒其君與夷。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《傳》言:「莊公馮殺之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不可及於經,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:非不可及於經,其及之端眇,不足以類鉤之,故難知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《傳》曰:「臧孫許與晉卻克同時而聘乎齊。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>按經無有,豈不微哉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不書其往而有避也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今此《傳》言莊公馮,而於經不書,亦以有避也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以不書聘乎齊,避所羞也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不書莊公馮殺,避所善也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故讓者《春秋》之所善。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宣公不與其子而與其弟,其弟亦不與子而反之兄子,雖不中法,皆有讓高,不可棄也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故君子為之諱不居正之謂避,其後也亂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>移之宋督以存善誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若直書其篡,則宣繆之高滅,而善之無所見矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:為賢者諱,皆言之,為宣繆諱,獨弗言,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:不成於賢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其為善不法,不可取,亦不可棄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>棄之則棄善誌也,取之則害王法。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故不棄亦不載,以竟見之而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟誌於仁無惡,此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9玉英:器從名、地從主人之謂制。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>權之端焉,不可不察也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫權雖反經,亦必在可以然之域。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不在可以然之域,故雖死亡,終弗為也,公子目夷是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故諸侯父子兄弟不宜立而立者,《春秋》視其國與宜立之君無以異也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此皆在可以然之域也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>到於取乎莒,以之為同居,目曰「莒人滅,此在不可以然之域也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故諸侯在不可以然之域者,謂之大德,大德無逾閒者,謂正經。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯在可以然之域者,謂之小德,小德出入可也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>權譎也,尚歸之以奉鉅經耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《春秋》之道,博而要,詳而反一也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公子目夷複其君,終不與國,祭仲已與,後改之,晉荀息死而不聽,衛曼姑拒而弗內,此四臣事異而同心,其義一也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>目夷之弗與,重宗廟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>祭仲與之,亦重宗廟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>荀息死之,貴先君之命。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曼姑拒之,亦貴先君之命民。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事雖相反,所為同,俱為重宗廟、貴先帝之命耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:公子目夷、祭仲之所以為者,皆存之事君,善之可矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>荀息、曼姑非有此事也,而所欲恃者皆不宜立者,何以得載乎義?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:《春秋》之法,君立不宜立,不書,大夫立則書。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>書之者,弗予大夫之得立不宜立者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不書,予君之得立之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君之立不宜立者,非也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>既立之,大夫奉之是也,荀息曼姑之所得為義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10玉英:難紀季曰:《春秋》之法,大夫不得用地。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:公子無去國之義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:君子不避外難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>紀季犯此三者,何以為賢?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賢臣故盜地以下敵,棄君以避難乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:賢者不為是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故托賢於紀季,以見季之弗為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>紀季弗為而紀侯使之可知矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之書事時,詭其實以有避也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其書人時,易其名以有諱也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故詭晉文得誌之實,以代諱避致王也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>詭莒子號謂之人,避隱公也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>易慶父之名謂之仲孫,變盛謂之成,諱大惡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然則說《春秋》者,入則詭辭,隨其委曲而後得之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今紀季受命乎君而經書專,無善一名而文見賢,此皆詭辭,不可不察。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之於所賢也,固順其誌而一其辭,章其義而褒其美。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今紀侯《春秋》之所貴也,是以聽其入齊之志,而詭其服罪之辭也,移之紀季。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故告於齊者,實莊公為之,而《春秋》詭其辭,以予臧孫辰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以入於齊者,實紀侯為之,而《春秋》詭其辭,以與紀季。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所以詭之不同,其實一也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:有國家者,人欲立之,固盡不聽,國滅君死之,正也,何賢乎紀侯?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:齊將複讎,紀侯自知力不加而誌距之,故謂其弟曰:「我宗廟之主,不可以不死也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>汝以往,服罪於齊,請以立五廟,使我先君歲時有所依歸。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>率一國之眾,以衛九世之主。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>襄公逐之不去,求之弗予,上下同心而俱死之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故謂之大去。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》賢死義,且得眾心也,故為諱滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以為之諱,見其賢之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以其賢之也,見其中仁義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:59:14

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-15 14:02 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●精華</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1精華:《春秋》慎辭,謹於名倫等物者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故小夷言伐而不得言戰,大夷言戰而不得言獲,中國言獲而不得言執,各有辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有小夷避大夷而不得言戰,大夷避中國而不得言獲,中國避天子而不得言執,名倫弗予,嫌於相臣之辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故大小不逾等,貴賤如其倫,義之正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2精華:大雩者何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>旱祭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>難者曰:大旱雩祭而請雨,大水鳴鼓而攻社,天地之所為,陰陽之所起也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或請焉,或攻焉,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:大旱,陽滅陰也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陽滅陰者,尊厭卑也,固其義也,雖大甚,拜請之而已,敢有加也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大水者,陰滅陽也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陰滅陽者,卑勝尊也,日食亦然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>皆下犯上,以賤傷貴者,逆節也,故鳴鼓而攻之,朱絲而脅之,為其不義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此亦《春秋》之不畏強御也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故變天地之位,正陰陽之序,直行其道而不忘其難,義之至也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故脅嚴社而不為不敬靈,出天王而不為不尊上,辭父之命而不為不承親,絕母之屬而不為不孝慈,義矣夫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3精華:難者曰:《春秋》之法,大夫無遂事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:出境有可以安社稷、利國家者,則專之可也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:大夫以君命出,進退在大夫也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:聞喪徐行而不反也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫既曰無遂事矣,又曰專之可也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>既曰進退在大夫矣,又曰徐行而不反也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若相悖然,是何謂也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:四者各有所處。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得其處則皆是也,失其處,則皆非也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》固有常義,又有應變。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無遂事者,謂平生安寧也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>專之可也者,謂救危除患也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>進退在大夫者,謂將率用兵也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>徐行不反者,謂不以親害尊,不以私妨公也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂將得其私,知其指。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故公子結受命往媵陳人之婦,於鄄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>道生事,從齊桓盟,《春秋》弗非,以為救莊公之危。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公子遂受命使京師,道生事之晉,《春秋》非之,以為是時僖公安寧無危。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故有危而不專救,謂之不忠;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無危而擅生事,是卑君也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故此二臣俱生事,《春秋》有是有非,其義然也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4精華:齊桓挾賢相之能,用大國之資,即位五年,不能致一諸侯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於柯之盟,見其大信,一年而近國之君畢到,鄄幽之會是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其後二十年之間亦久矣,尚未能大合諸侯也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>至於救邢衛之事,見存亡繼絕之義,而明年遠國之君畢到,貫澤、陽谷之會是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰親近者不以言,召遠者不以使,此其效也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其後矜功,振而自足,而不修德,故楚人滅弦而誌弗憂,江黃伐陳而不往救,損人之國而執其大夫,不救陳之患而責陳不納,不複安鄭,而必欲迫之以兵,功未良成而誌已滿矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:「管仲之器小哉!」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5精華:《春秋》之聽獄也,必本其事而原其誌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誌邪者不待成,首惡者罪特重,本直者其論輕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故逄丑父當,而轅濤涂不宜執,魯季子追慶父,而吳季子釋闔廬。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此四者罪同異論,其本殊也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俱欺仨三軍,或死或不死;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俱弒君,或誅或不誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聽訟折獄,可無審耶!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故折獄而是也,理益明,教益行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>折獄而非也,暗理迷眾,與教相妨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>教,政之本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>獄,政之末也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其事異域,其用一也,不可不以相順,故君子重之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6精華:難晉事者曰:《春秋》之法,未逾年之君稱子,蓋人心之正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>到裡克殺奚齊,避此正辭而稱君之子,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:所聞《詩》無達詁,《易》無達佔,《春秋》無達辭,從變從義,而一以奉人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仁人錄其同姓之禍,固宜異操。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉,《春秋》之同姓也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>驪姬一謀而三君死之,天下之所共痛也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>本其所為為之者,蔽於所欲得位而不見其難也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》疾其所蔽,故去其正辭,徒言君之子而已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若謂奚齊曰:嘻嘻!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為大國君之子,富貴足矣,何必以兄之位為欲居之,以到此乎云爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>錄所痛之辭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故痛之中有痛,無罪而受其死者,申生、奚齊、卓子是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡之中有惡者,己立之,己殺之,不得如他臣之弒君者,齊公子商人是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故晉禍痛而齊禍重。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》傷痛而敦重,是以奪晉子繼位之辭與齊子成君之號,詳見之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7精華:古之人有言曰:不知來,視諸往。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今《春秋》之為學也,道往而明來者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而其辭體天之微,故難知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>弗能察,寂若無;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>能察之,無物不在。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故為《春秋》者,得一端而多連之,見一空而博貫之,則天下盡矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯僖公以亂即位,而知親任季子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>季子無恙之時,內無臣下之亂,外無諸侯之患,行之二十年,國家安寧。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>季子卒之後,魯不支鄰國之患,直乞師楚耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>僖公之情非輒不肖而國衰益危者,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以無季子也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以魯人之若是也,亦知他國之皆若是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以他國之皆若是,亦知天下之皆若是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂連而貫之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故天下雖大,古今雖久,以是定矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以所任賢,謂之主尊國安。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所任非其人,謂之主卑國危。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>萬世必然,無所疑也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其在《易》曰:「鼎折足,覆公餗。</STRONG><STRONG>夫鼎折足者,任非其人也。</STRONG><STRONG>覆公者,國家傾也。</STRONG><STRONG>是故任非其人而國家不傾者,自古到今未嘗聞也。</STRONG><STRONG>故吾按《春秋》而觀成敗,乃切於前世之興亡也</STRONG><STRONG>任賢臣者,國家之興也。</STRONG><STRONG>夫知不足以知賢,無可奈何矣。</STRONG><STRONG>知之不能任,大者以死亡,小者以亂危,其若是何邪?</STRONG><STRONG>以莊公不知季子賢邪?</STRONG><STRONG>安知病將死,召而授以國政。</STRONG><STRONG>以殤公為不知孔父賢</STRONG><STRONG>安知孔父死,己必死,趨而救之。</STRONG><STRONG>二主知皆足以知賢,而不決,不能任。</STRONG><STRONG>故魯莊以危,宋殤以弒」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>使莊公早用季子,而宋殤素任孔父,尚將興鄰國,豈直免弒哉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此吾所而悲者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:59:28

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-15 14:00 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●王道</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1王道:《春秋》何貴乎元而言之?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>元者,始也,言本正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>道,王道也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王者,人之始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王正則元氣和順、風雨時、景星見、黃龍下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王不正則上變天,賊氣並見。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五帝三王之治天下,不敢有君民之心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>什一而稅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>教以愛,使以忠,敬長老,親親而尊尊,不奪民時,使民不過歲三日。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民家給人足,無怨望忿怒之患,強弱之難,無讒賊妒疾之人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民修德而美好,被發銜哺而游,不慕富貴,恥惡不犯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>父不哭子;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>兄不哭弟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>毒蟲不螫,猛獸不搏,抵蟲不觸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故天為之下甘露,朱草生,醴泉出,風寸時,嘉禾興,鳳凰麒麟游於郊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>囹圄空虛,書衣裳而民不犯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民情到樸而不文。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>郊天祀地,秩山川,以時到,封於泰山,禪於梁父。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立明堂,宗祀先帝。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以祖配天,天下諸侯各以其職來祭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貢土地所有,先以入宗廟,端冕盛服而後見先。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>德恩之報,奉先之應也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2王道:桀紂皆聖王之後,驕溢妄行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>侈宮室,廣苑囿,窮五采之變,極飭材之工,困野獸之足,竭山澤之列,食類惡之獸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>奪民財食,高雕文刻鏤之觀,盡金玉骨象之工,窮白黑之變。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>深刑妄殺以陵下,聽鄭衛之音,充傾宮之志,靈虎文采之獸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以希見之意,嘗佞賜讒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以糟為丘,以酒為池。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孤貧不養,殺聖賢而剖其心,生燔人聞其臭,剔孕婦見其化,朝涉之足察其拇,殺梅伯以為醢,刑鬼侯之女取其環。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君臣畏恐,莫敢盡忠,紂愈自賢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周發兵,不期會於孟津者八百諸侯,共誅紂,大亡天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》以為戒,曰:「蒲社災。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周衰,天子微弱,諸侯力政,大夫專國,士專邑,不能行度制法文之禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯背叛,莫修貢聘,奉獻天子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣弒其君,子弒其父,孽殺其宗,不能統理,更相伐銼以廣地。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以強相脅,不能制屬。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>強奄弱,眾暴寡,富使貧,並兼無已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣下上僭,不能禁止。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>日為之食,星如雨,雨螽,沙鹿崩。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夏大雨水,冬大雨雪,石於宋五,六退飛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>霜不殺草,李梅實。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>正月不雨,到於秋七月。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>地震,梁山崩,壅河,三日不流。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>書晦。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>彗星見於東方,孛於大辰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鸛鵒來巢,《春秋》異之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以此見悖亂之徵。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子明得失,差貴賤,反王道之本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>譏天王以致太平。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>刺惡譏微,不遣小大,善無細而不舉,惡無細而不去,進善誅惡,絕諸本而已矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3王道:天王使宰喧來歸惠公仲子之賜,刺不及事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天王伐鄭,譏親也,會王世子,譏微也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>祭公來逆王後,譏失也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>刺家父求車,武氏毛伯求賻金。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王人救衛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王師敗於貿戎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天王不養,出居於鄭,殺母弟,王室亂,不能及外,無以先天下,召衛侯不能致,遣子突徵衛不能絕,無駭滅極不能誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯得以大亂,篡弒無已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣下上逼,僭擬天子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯強者行威,小國破滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉到三侵周,與天王戰於貿戎而大敗之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>戎執凡伯於楚丘以歸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯本怨隨惡,發兵相破,夷人宗廟社稷,不能統理。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臣子強,到弒其君父。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>法度廢而不複用,威武絕而不複行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故鄭魯易地,晉文再致天子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓會王世子,擅封邢、衛、杞,橫行中國,意欲王天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯舞八俏,北祭泰山,郊天祀地,如天子之為。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以此之故,弒君三十二,細惡不絕之所致也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4王道:《春秋》立義:祭天地,諸侯祭社稷,諸山川不在封內不祭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有天子在,諸侯不得專地,不得專封,不得專執天子之大夫,不得舞天子之樂,不得致天子之賦,不得適天子之貴。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君親無將,將而誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大夫不得廢置君命。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立適,以長不以賢,立子以貴不以長。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立夫人以適不以妾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>親近以來遠,未有不先近而致遠者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故內其國而外諸夏,內諸夏而外夷狄,言自近者始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5王道:諸侯來朝者得褒,邾妻儀父稱字,滕薛稱侯,荊得人,介葛盧得名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內出言如,諸侯來日朝,大夫來日聘,王道之意也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誅惡而不得遣細大,諸侯不得為匹夫興師,不得執天子之大夫,執天子之大夫與伐國同罪,執凡伯言伐。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>獻八俏,諱八言六。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄭魯易地,諱易言假。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉文再致天子,諱致言狩。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>桓公存邢、衛、杞,不見《春秋》,內心予之,行法絕而不予,止亂之道也,非諸侯所當為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》之義,臣不討賊,非臣也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子不複仇,非子也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故誅趙盾賊不討者,不書葬,臣子之誅也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>許世子止不嘗藥,而誅為弒父,楚公子比脅而立,而不免於死。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓晉文擅封,致天子,誅亂、繼絕、存亡,侵伐會同,常為本主。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:桓公救中國,攘夷狄,卒服楚,晉文再致天子,皆止不誅,善其牧諸侯,奉獻天子而服周室,《春秋》予之為伯,誅意不誅辭之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6王道:魯隱之代桓立,祭仲之出忽立突,仇牧、孔父、荀息之死節,公子目夷不與楚國,此皆執權存國,行正世之義,守拳拳之心,《春秋》嘉氣義焉,故皆見之,複正之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夷狄邾妻人、牟人、葛人,為其天王崩而相朝聘也,此其誅也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>殺世子母弟直稱君,明失親親也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯季子之免罪,吳季子之讓國,明親親之恩也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>閽殺吳子餘祭,見刑人之不可近。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄭伯原卒於會,諱弒,痛強臣專君,君不得為善也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>衛人殺州吁,齊人殺無知,明君臣之義,守國之正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>衛人立晉,美得眾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君將不言率師,重君之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>正月,公在楚,臣子思君,無一日無君之意也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誅受令,恩衛葆,以正囹圉之平也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>言圍成,甲竿祠兵,以別迫脅之罪,誅意之法也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作南門。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>刻桷,丹楹,作雉門及兩觀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>築三台,新延廄,譏驕溢不恤下也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故臧孫辰請於齊,孔子曰:「君子為國,必有三年之積。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一年不熟乃請,失君之職也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誅犯始者,省刑,絕惡疾始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大夫盟於澶淵,刺大夫之專政也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯會同,賢為主,賢賢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》紀纖芥之失,反之王道。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>追古貴信,結言而已,不到用牲盟而後成約。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:齊侯衛侯胥命於蒲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《傳》曰:「古者不盟,結言而退。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宋伯姬曰:婦人夜出,傅母不在,不下堂</STRONG><STRONG>曰:古者周公東徵,則西國怨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>桓公曰:「無貯粟,無鄣谷,無易樹子,無以妾為妻。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宋襄公曰:「不鼓不成列,不厄人。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莊王曰:「古者桿不穿,皮不蠹,則不出。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子篤於禮,薄於利,要其人不要其土,告從不赦,不祥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>強不陵弱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊頃公吊死視疾,孔父正色而立於朝,人莫過而致難乎其君,齊國佐不辱君命而尊齊侯,此《春秋》之救文以質也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>救文以質,見天下諸侯所以失其國者亦有焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>潞子欲合中國之禮義,離乎夷狄,未合乎中國,所以亡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吳王夫差行強於越,臣人之主,妾人之妻,卒以自亡,宗廟夷,社稷滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其可痛也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>長王投死,於戲,豈不哀哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉靈行無禮,處台上彈君臣,枝解宰人而棄之,漏陽處父之謀,使陽處父死。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及患趙盾之諫,欲殺之,卒為趙盾所弒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉獻公行逆理,殺世子申生以驪姬立奚齊、卓子,皆殺死,國大亂,四世乃定,幾為秦所滅,從驪姬起也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚平王行無度,殺伍子胥父兄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蔡昭公朝之,因請其裘,昭公不與。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吳王非之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舉兵加楚,大敗之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君舍乎君室,大夫舍乎大夫室,妻楚王之母,貪暴之所致也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉厲公行暴道,殺無罪人,一朝而殺大臣三人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>明年,臣下畏恐,晉國殺之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陳侯佗淫乎蔡,蔡人殺之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古者諸侯出疆必具左右,備一師,以備不虞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今陳侯恣以身出入民間,到死閭裡之庸,甚非人君之行也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宋閔公矜婦人而心妒,與大夫萬博。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>萬與魯莊公曰:「天下諸侯宜為君者,唯魯侯爾。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>閔公妒其言,曰:「此虜也,爾虜焉故。</STRONG><STRONG>魯侯之美惡乎到?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>萬怒,搏閔公絕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此以與臣博之過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古者人君立於陰,大夫立於陽,所以別位,明貴賤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今與臣相對而博,置婦人在側,此君臣無別也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故使萬稱他國卑閔公之意,閔公藉萬而身與之博,下君自置。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有辱之婦人之房,俱而矜婦人,獨得殺死之道也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋傳》曰:「大夫不適君。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>遠此逼也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>梁內役民無已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其民不能堪,使民比地為伍,一家亡,五家殺刑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其民曰:先亡者封,後亡者刑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君者將使民以孝於父母,順於長老,守丘墓,承宗廟,世世祀其先。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今求財不足,行罰如將不勝,殺戮如屠,仇仇其民,魚爛而亡,國中盡空。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》曰:「梁亡。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亡者自亡也,非人亡之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虞公貪財,不顧其難,愉耳悅目,受晉之璧、屈產之乘,假晉師道,還以自滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宗廟破毀,社稷不祀,身死不葬,貪財之所致也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《春秋》以此見物不空來,寶不虛出,自內出者,無匹不行,自外到者,無主不止,此其應也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚靈王行強乎陳蔡,意廣以武,不顧其行,虜所美,內罷其眾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乾溪有物女,水盡則女見,水滿則不見。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>靈王舉發其國而役,三年不罷,楚國大怨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>殺無罪臣成然,公子棄疾卒令靈王父子自殺而取其國。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虞不離津澤,農不去疇土,而民相愛也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非盈意之過耶?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯莊公好宮室,一年三起台。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫人內淫兩弟,國絕莫繼,為齊所存,夫人淫之過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>妃匹貴妾,可不慎邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此皆內自強從心之敗己,見自強之敗,尚有正諫而不用,卒皆取亡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曹羈諫其君曰:「戎眾以無義,君無自適。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君不聽,果死戎寇。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伍子胥諫吳王,以為越不可不敢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吳王不聽,到死伍子胥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>還九年,越果大滅吳國。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>秦穆公將襲鄭,百裡、蹇叔諫曰:「千裡而襲人者,未有不亡者也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>穆公不聽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>師果大敗中,匹馬只輪無反者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉假道虞,虞公許之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宮之奇諫曰:「唇亡齒寒,虞虢之相救,非相賜也。</STRONG><STRONG>君請勿許。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虞公不聽,後虞果亡於晉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》明此,存亡道可觀也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎蒲社,知驕溢之罰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎許田,知諸侯不得專封。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎齊桓、晉文、宋襄、楚莊,知任賢奉上之功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎魯隱、祭仲、叔武、孔父、荀息、仇牧、吳季子、公子目夷,知忠臣之效。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎楚公子比,知臣子之道,效死之義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎潞子,知無輔自詛之敗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎公在楚,知臣子之恩。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎漏言,知忠道之絕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎獻六羽,知上下之差。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎宋伯姬,知貞婦之信。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎吳王夫差,知強陵弱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎晉獻公,知逆理近色之過。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎楚昭王之伐蔡,知無義之反。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎晉厲之妄殺無罪,知行暴之報。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎陳佗宋閔,知妒淫之禍。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎虞公、梁亡,知貪財枉法之窮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎楚靈,知苦民之壤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎魯莊之起台,知驕奢淫溢之失。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎衛侯朔,知不即召之罪。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎執凡伯,知犯上之法。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎晉缺之伐邾妻,知臣下作福之誅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎公子,知臣窺君之意。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀乎世卿,知移權之敗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故明王視於冥冥,聽於無聲,天覆地載,天下萬國,莫敢不悉靖春職受命者,不示臣下以知之到也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故道同則不能相先,情同則不能相使,此其教也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,未有去人君之權,能制其勢者也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>未有貴賤無差,能全其位者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故君子慎之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 13:59:46

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●滅國上</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1滅國上:王者,民之所往。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君者,不失其群者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故能使萬民往之,而得天下之群者,無敵於天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>弒君三十六,亡國五十二。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小國德薄,不朝聘大國,不與諸侯會聚,孤特不相守,獨居不同群,遭難莫之救,所以亡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非獨公侯大人如此,生天地之間,根本微者,不可遭大風疾雨,立鑠消耗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>衛侯朔固事齊襄,而天下患之,虞虢並力,晉獻難之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉趙盾,一夫之士也,無尺寸之土,一介之眾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而靈公據霸主之余尊,而欲誅之,窮變極詐,詐盡力竭,祝大及身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>推盾之心,載小國之位,孰能亡之哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故伍子胥,一夫之士也,去楚干闔廬,遂得意於吳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所托者誠是,何可御邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚王髡托其國於子玉得臣,而天下畏之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虞公托其國於宮之奇,晉獻患之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及髡殺得臣,天下輕之,虞公不用宮之奇,晉獻亡之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>存亡之端,不可不知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯見加以兵,逃遁奔走,到於滅亡而莫之救,平生之素行可見也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>隱代桓立,所謂僅存耳,使無駭帥師滅極,內無諫臣,外無諸侯之救;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>載亦由是也,宋、蔡、衛國伐之,鄭因勘和而取之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此無以異於遣重寶於道而莫之守,見者掇之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鄧、失地而朝魯桓,鄧、彀失地,不亦宜乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:00:02

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●滅國下</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>2滅國下:紀侯之所以滅者,乃九世之仇也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一旦之言,危百世之嗣,故曰大去。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>衛人侵成,鄭入成,及齊師圍成,三被大兵,終滅,莫之救,所恃者安在?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓公欲行霸道,譚遂違命,故滅而奔莒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不事大而事小,曹伯之所以戰死於位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯莫助憂者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>幽之會,齊桓數合諸侯,曹小,未嘗來也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯大國,幽之會,莊公不往。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>戎人乃窺兵於濟西,由見魯孤獨而莫之救也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此時大夫廢君命,專救危者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯莊公二十七年,齊桓為幽之會,衛人不來。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其明年,桓公怒而大敗之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及伐山戎,張旗陳獲以驕諸侯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於是魯一年三築台,亂臣比三起於內,夷狄之兵仍滅於外,衛滅之端,以失幽之會。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亂之本,存親內蔽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邢未嘗會齊桓也,附晉又微,晉侯獲於韓而背之,淮之會是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓卒,豎刁易牙之亂作。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邢與狄伐其同姓,取之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其行如此,雖爾親,庸能親爾乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是君也,其滅於同姓,衛侯毀滅邢是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓為幽之會,衛不到,桓怒而伐之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>狄滅之,桓憂而立之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯莊為柯之盟,劫汶陽,魯絕,桓立之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邢杞未嘗朝聘,齊桓見其滅,率諸侯而立之,用心如此,豈不霸哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故以憂天下與之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:00:16

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●隨本消息</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1隨本消息:顏淵死,子曰:「天喪予。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子路死,子曰:「天祝予。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>西狩獲麟,曰:「吾道窮,吾道窮。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三年,身隨而卒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天命成敗,聖人知之,有所不能救,命矣夫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2隨本消息:先晉獻之卒,齊桓為葵丘之會,再致其集。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先齊孝未卒一年,魯僖乞師取。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉文之威,天子再致。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先卒一年,魯僖公之心,分而事齊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>文公不事晉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先齊侯潘卒一年,文公如晉,衛侯鄭伯皆不期來。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊侯已卒,諸侯果會晉大夫於新城。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯昭公以事楚之故,晉人不入。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚國強而得意,一年再會諸侯,伐強吳,為齊誅亂臣,遂滅厲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯得其威以滅其明年,如晉,無河上之難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先晉昭之卒一年,無難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚國內亂,臣弒君。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸侯會於平丘,謀誅楚亂臣,昭公不得與盟,大夫見執。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吳大敗楚之黨六國於雞父。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公如晉而大辱,《春秋》為之諱而言有疾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,所行從不足恃,所事者不可不慎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此亦存亡榮辱之要也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先楚莊王卒之三年,晉滅赤狄潞氏及甲氏留吁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先楚子審卒之三年,鄭服蕭魚。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉侯周卒一年,先楚子昭卒之二年,與陳蔡伐鄭而大克。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其明年,楚屈建會諸侯而張中國。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>卒之三年,諸夏之君朝於楚。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚子卷繼之,四年而卒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其國不為侵奪,而顧隆盛強大,中國不出年余,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚子昭蓋諸侯可者也,天下之疾其君者,皆赴而乘之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>兵四五出,常以眾擊少,以專擊散,義之盡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先卒四五年,中國內乖,齊、晉、魯、衛之兵分守,大國襲小。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸夏再會陳儀,齊不肯往。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吳在其南,而二君殺,中國在其北,而齊衛殺其君,慶封劫君亂國,石惡之徒聚而成群,衛據陳儀而為諼。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>林父據戚而以畔,宋公殺其世子,魯大饑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中國之行,亡國之跡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>譬如於文宣之際,中國之君,五年之中五君殺。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以晉靈之行,使一大夫立於斐林,拱揖指揮,諸侯莫敢不出,此猶隰之有泮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:00:30

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●盟會要</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1盟會要:至意雖難喻,蓋聖人者貴除天下之患。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貴除天下之患,故《春秋》重,而書天下之患遍矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以為本於見天下之所以致患,其意欲以除天下之患,何謂哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天下者無患,然後性可善;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>性可善,然後清廉之化流;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>清廉之化流,然後王道舉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>禮樂興,其心在此矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《傳》曰:諸侯相聚而盟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子修國曰:此將率為也哉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以君子以天下為憂也,患乃至於弒君三十六,亡國五十二,細惡不絕之所致也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>辭已喻矣,故曰:立義以明尊卑之分,強干弱枝以明大小這職;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>別嫌疑之行,以明正世之義;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>采摭托意,以矯失禮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>善無小而不舉,無惡小而不去,以純其美。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>別賢不肖以明其尊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>親近以來遠,因其國而容天下,名倫等物不失其理。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公心以是非,賞善誅惡而王澤洽,始於除患,正一而萬物備。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰大矣哉其號,兩言而管天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:00:44

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●正貫</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1正貫:《春秋》,大義之所本耶?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>六者之科,六者之旨之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然後援天端,布流物,而貫通其理,則事變散其辭矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故志得失之所從生,而後差貴賤之所始矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論罪源深淺,定法誅,然後絕屬之分別矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立義定尊卑之序,而後君臣之職明矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>載天下之賢方,表謙義之所在,則見復正焉耳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>幽隱不相踰,而近之則密矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而後萬變之應無窮者,故可施其用於人,而不悖其倫矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以必明其統於施之宜,故知其氣矣,然後能食其志也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知其聲矣,而後能扶其精也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知其行矣,而後能遂其形也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知其物矣,然後能別其情也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故唱而民和之,動而民隨之,是知引其天性所好,而厭其情之所憎者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如是則言雖約,說必布矣;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事雖小,功必大矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聲響盛化運於物,散入於理,德在天地,神明休集,並行而不竭,盈於四海而訟聲詠。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》曰:「八音克諧,無相奪倫,神人以和。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃是謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故明於情性乃可與論為政,不然,雖勞無功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夙夜是寤,思慮惓心,猶不能睹,故天下有非者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三示當中孔子之所謂非,尚安知通哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:00:59

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●十指</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1十指:《春秋》二百四十二年之文,天下之大,事變之博,無不有也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖然,大略之要有十指。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>十指者,事之所擊也,王化之所由得流也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舉事變見有重焉,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見事變之所至者,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>因其所以至者而治之,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>強干弱枝,大本小末,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>別嫌疑,異同類,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論賢才之義,別所長之能,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>親近來遠,同民所欲,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>承周文而反之質,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>木生火,火為夏,天之端,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>切刺譏之所罰,考變異之所加,天之端,一指也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舉事變見有重焉,則百姓安矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見事變之所至者,則得失審矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>因其所以至而治之,則事之本正矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>強干弱枝,大本小末,則君臣之分明矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>別嫌疑,異同類,則是非著矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論賢才之義,別所長之能,則百官序矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>承周文而反之質,則化所務立矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>親近來遠,同民所欲,則仁恩達矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>木生火,火為夏,則陰陽四時之理相受而次矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>切刺譏之所罰,考變異之所加,則天所欲為行矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>統此而舉之,德澤廣大,衍溢於四海,陰陽和調,萬物靡不得其理矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>說《春秋》者凡用是矣,此其法也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:01:17

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●重政</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1重政:惟聖人能屬萬物於一而擊之元也,終不及本所從來而承之,不能遂其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以《春秋》變一謂之元,元猶原也,其義以隨天地終始也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人惟有終始也而生,不必應四時之變,故元者為萬物之本,而人之元在焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>安在乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃在乎天地之前。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人雖生天氣及奉天氣者,不得與天元本、天元命而共達其所為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故春正月者,承天地之所為也,繼天之所為而終之也,其道相與共功持業,安容言乃天地之元。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天地之元奚為於此,惡施於人,大其貫承意之理矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2重政:能說鳥獸之類者,非聖人所欲說也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人所欲說,在於說仁義而理之,知其分科條別,貫所附,是乃聖人之所貴而已矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不然,傳於眾辭,觀於眾物,說不急之言而以惑後進者,君子之所甚惡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>奚以為哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人思慮不厭,書日繼之以夜,然後萬物察者,仁義矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此言之,尚自為得之哉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:於乎!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為人師者,可無慎邪!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫義出於經,經傳,大本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>棄營勞心也,苦誌盡情,頭白齒落,尚不合自錄也哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3重政:人始生有大命,是其體也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有變命存其間者,其政也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>政不齊則人有忿怒之志,若將施危難之中,而時有隨、遭者,神明之所接,絕續之符也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亦有變其間,使之不齊如此,不可不省之,省之則重政之本矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>進義誅惡絕之本,而以其施,此舉湯武同而有異。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>湯武用之治往故。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》明得失,差貴賤,本之天。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王之所失天下者,使諸侯得以大亂之,說而後引而反之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰博而明,深而切矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:01:32

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●服制像</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1服制像:天地之生萬物也以養人,故其可適者以養身體,其可威者以為容服,禮之所為同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>劍之在左,青龍之象也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>刀之在右,白虎之象也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>韍之在前,朱鳥之象也.冠之在首,玄武之象也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>四者,人之盛飾也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫能通古今,別然不然,乃能服此也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蓋玄武者,貌之最嚴有威者也,其像在後,其服反居首,武之至而不用矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人之所以超然,雖欲從之,末由也已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫執介冑而後能拒敵者,故非聖人之所貴也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子顯之於服,而勇武者消其誌於貌也矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故文德為貴,而威武為下,此天下之所以永全也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於《春秋》何以言之?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔父義形於色,而奸臣不敢容邪;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虞有宮之奇,而獻公為之不寐;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉厲之強,中國以寢尸流血不已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故武王克殷,裨冕而笏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虎賁之王說劍,安在勇猛必任武殺然後威。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以君子所服為上矣,故望之儼然者,亦已至矣,豈可不察乎!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:01:46

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●二端</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1二端:《春秋》至意有二端,不本二端之所從起,亦未可與論異也,小大微著之分也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫覽求微細於無端之處,誠知小之將為大也,微之將為著也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吉凶未形,聖人所獨立也,雖欲從之,末由也已,此之謂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故王者受命,改正朔,不順數而往,必迎來而受之者,授受之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故聖人能擊心於微而致之著也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故《春秋》之道,以元之深正天之端,以天之端正王之政,以王之政正諸侯之即位,以諸侯之即位正竟內之治,五者俱正而化大行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故書日蝕、星隕、有蜮、地震、夏大雨水、冬大雨雹、隕霜不殺草、自正月不雨至於秋七月、有鵒來巢,《春秋》異之,以此見悖亂之徵。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是小者不得大,微者不得著,雖甚末,亦一端。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子以此效之,吾所以貴微重始是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>因惡夫推災異之象於前,然後圖安危禍亂於後者,非《春秋》之所甚貴也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而《春秋》舉之以為一端者,亦欲其省天譴而畏天威,內動於心誌,外見於事情,修身審己,明善心以反道者也,豈非貴微重始、慎終推效者哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:02:00

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●符瑞</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1符瑞:有非力之所能致而自至者,西狩獲麟,受命之符是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然後托乎《春秋》正不正之間,而明改制之義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一統乎天子,而加憂於天下之憂也,天下所患。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而欲以上通五帝,下極三王,以通百王之道,而隨天之終始,博得失之效,而考命象之為,極理以盡情性之宜,則天容遂矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百官同望異路,一之者在主,率之者在相。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:02:14

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●俞序</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1俞序:仲尼之作春秋也,上探正天端,王公之位,萬物民之所欲,下明得失,起賢才,以待後聖。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故引史記,理往事,正是非,見王公。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>史記十二公之間,皆衰世之事,故門人惑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「吾因其行事而加乎王心焉。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以為見之空言,不如行事博深切明。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故子貢、閔子、公肩子,言其切而為國家資也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其為切而至於殺君亡國,奔走不得保社稷,其所以然,是皆不明於道,不覽於《春秋》也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故衛子夏言,有國家者不可不學《春秋》,不學《春秋》,則無以見前後旁側之危,則不知國之大柄,君之重任也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故或脅窮失國,搶殺於位,一朝至爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟能述《春秋》之法,致行其道,豈徒除禍哉,乃堯舜之德也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故世子曰:「功及子孫,光輝百世,聖人之德,莫美於恕。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故予先言《春秋》詳己而異人,《春秋》之道,大得之則以王,小得之則以霸。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曾子、子石霸王之道,皆本於仁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仁,天心,故次以天心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>愛人之大者,莫大於思患而豫防之,故蔡得意於吳,魯得意於齊,而《春秋》皆不告,故次以言怨人不可邇,敵國不可狎,攘竊之國不可使久親,皆防患為民除患之意也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不愛民之漸乃至於死亡,故言楚靈王晉厲公生弒於位,不仁之所致也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故善宋襄公不厄人,不由其道而勝,不如由其道而敗,《春秋》貴之,將以變習俗而成王化也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故子夏言《春秋》重人,諸譏皆本此。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或奢侈使人憤怨,或暴虐賊害人,終皆禍及身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故子池言魯莊築台,丹楹刻桷,晉厲之刑刻意者,皆不得以壽終。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上奢侈,刑又急,皆不內恕,求備於人,故次以《春秋》緣人情,赦小過,而《傳》明之曰:「君子辭也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子明得失,見成敗,疾時世之不仁,失王道之體,故緣人情,赦小過,《傳》又明之曰:「君子辭也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「吾因行事,加吾王心焉。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>假其位號以正人倫,因其成敗以明順逆,故其所善,則桓文行之而遂,其所惡,則亂國行之終以敗,故始言大惡殺君亡國,終言赦小過,是亦始於麤粗,終於精微,教化流行,德澤大洽,天下之人,人有士君子之行而少過矣,亦譏二名之意也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:02:28

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●離合根</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1離合根:天高其位而下其施,故為人主者,法天之行,是故內深藏,所以為神;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外博觀,所以為明也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>任群賢,所以為受成;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃不自勞於事,所以為尊也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡愛群生,不以喜怒賞罰,所以為仁也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故為人主者,以無為為道,以不私為寶。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立無為之位而乘備具之官,足不自動而相者導進,口不自言而擯者贊辭,心不自慮而群臣效當,故莫見其為之而功成矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此人主所以法天之行也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為人臣者法地之道,暴其形,出其情以示人,高下、險易、堅耍、剛柔、肥、美惡,累可就財也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故其形宜不宜,可得而財也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為人臣者比地貴信而悉見其情於主,主亦得而財之,故王道威而不失。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為人臣常竭情悉力而見其短長,使主上得而器使之,而猶地之竭竟其情也,故其形宜可得而財也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-15 14:02:42

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>春秋繁露●立元神</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1立元神:君人者,國之元,發言動作,萬物之樞機。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>樞機之發,榮辱之端也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>失之豪厘,駟不及追。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故為人君者,謹本詳始,敬小慎微,誌如死灰,安精養神,寂莫無為。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>休形無見影,搶聲無出音,虛心下士,觀來察往。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>謀於眾賢,考求眾人,得其心遍見其情,察其好惡,以參忠佞,考其往行,驗之於今,計其蓄積,受於先賢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>釋其讎怨,視其所爭,差其黨族,所依為臬,據位治人,用何為名,累日積久,何功不成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>可以內參外,可以小佔大,必知其實,是謂開闔。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君人者,國之本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫為國,其化莫大於崇本,崇本則君化若神,不崇本則君無以兼人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無以兼人,雖峻刑重誅,而民不從,是所謂驅國而棄之者也,患孰甚焉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何謂本?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:天地人,萬物之本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天生之,地養之,人成之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天生之以孝悌,地養之以衣食,人成之以禮樂,三者相為手足,合以成禮,不可一無也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無孝悌則亡其所以生,無衣食則亡其所以養,無禮樂,則亡其所以成也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三者皆亡,則民如麋鹿,各從其欲,家自為俗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>父不能使子,君不能使臣,雖有城郭,名曰虛邑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如此,其君枕塊而僵,莫之危而自危,莫之喪而自亡,是謂自然之罰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自然之罰至,裹襲石室,分障險阻,猶不能逃之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>明主賢君必於其信,是故肅慎三本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>郊祀致敬,共事祖禰,舉顯孝悌,表異孝行,所以奉天本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>秉耒躬耕,采桑親蠶,墾草殖彀,開闢以足衣食,所以奉地本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立闢雍庠序,修孝悌敬讓,明以教化,感以禮樂,所以奉人本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三者皆奉,則民如子弟,不敢自專,邦如父母,不待恩而愛,不須嚴而使,雖野居露宿,厚於宮室。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如是者,其君安枕而臥,莫之助而自強,莫之綏而自安,是謂自然之賞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自然之賞至,雖退讓委國而去,百姓襁負其子隨而君之,君亦不得離也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故以德為國者,甘於飴蜜,固於膠漆,是以聖賢勉而崇本而不敢失也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君人者,國之證也,不可先倡,感而後應。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故居倡之位而不行倡之勢,不居和之職而以和為德,常盡春下,故能為之上也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2立元神:體國之道,在於尊神。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>尊者所以奉其政也,神者所以就其化也,故不尊不畏,不神不化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫欲為尊者在於任賢,欲為神者在於同心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賢者備股肱則君尊嚴而國安,同心相承則變化若神,莫見其所為而功德成,是謂尊神也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3立元神:天積眾精以自剛,天序日月星辰以自光,聖人序爵祿以自明。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天所以剛者,非一精之力;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人所以強者,非一賢之德也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故天道務盛其精,聖人務眾其賢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>盛其精而壹其陽,眾其賢而同其心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>壹其陽然後可以致其神,同其心然後可以致其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以建治之術,貴得賢而同心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為人君者,其要貴神。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>神者,不可得而視也,不可得而聽也,是故親而不見其形,聽而不聞其聲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聲之不聞,故莫得其響,不見其形,故莫得其影。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莫得其影則無以曲直也,莫得其響則無以清濁也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無以曲直則其功不可得而敗,無以清濁則其名不可得而度也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂不見其形者,非不見其進止之形也,言其所以進止不可得而見也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂不聞其聲者,非不聞其號令之聲也,言其所以號令不可得而聞也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不見不聞,是謂冥昏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>能冥則明,能昏則彰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>能冥能昏,是謂神人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君貴居冥而明其位,處陰而向陽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡人見其情而欲知人之心,是故為人君者執無源之慮,行無端之事,以不求奪,以不問問。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吾以不求奪則我利矣,彼以不出出則彼費矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吾以不問問則我神矣,彼以不對對則彼情矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故終日問之,彼不知其所對,終日奪之,彼不知其所出。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吾則以明而彼不知其所亡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人臣居陽而為陰,人君居陰而為陽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陰道尚形而露情,陽道無端而貴神。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
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