楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-11 07:53:14

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>孔叢子●連子卷下</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1連叢子下: 元和二年三月,孝章皇帝東巡過魯,幸闕里,以大牢祠聖師,作六代之樂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>天子升廟,西面,群臣在庭,北面,皆再拜。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>天子進爵而後坐。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>乃召諸孔丈夫年二十以上者六十三人,臨賜酒飯。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>子和自陳曰:「臣草莽所蔽,才非幹時,行非絕倫,託備先聖遺嗣,世名學家。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>陛下誤加拔擢微臣蘭臺令史,會值車駕東巡,先禮聖師,猥以餘福,惠及臣宗。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>誠非碎首所能報謝。</STRONG> <STRONG>」詔曰:「治何經?</STRONG> <STRONG>」對曰:「為《詩》《書》,頗涉《禮》《傳》。</STRONG> <STRONG>」詔曰:「今日之會,寧於卿宗有光榮乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」對曰:「非所敢當也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>臣聞明王聖主莫不尊師而貴道。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>今陛下尊臣祖之靈,貴臣祖之道,親屈萬乘,辱臨弊里。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>此乃陛下所以崇聖也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>若夫顧其遺嗣,得與群臣同受釐福,此乃陛下愛屋及烏惠下之道,所以崇德作聖,臣宗弗與於光榮,非所敢承。</STRONG> <STRONG>」天子嘆曰:「非聖者子孫,惡有斯言。</STRONG> <STRONG>」遂拜子和郎中,詔隨車駕,賜孔氏男女、錢帛。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>子和從還京師,遂校書東觀。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>其年十二月為臨晉令。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>其友崔駰以其家《卦林》占之,謂為不吉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>語子和曰:「盍辭乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」答曰:「學不為人,仕不擇官,所以為吉也。</STRONG> <STRONG>且卜以決疑,不疑何卜?</STRONG> <STRONG>吉凶由人,而由《卦林》乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」徑往之官。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>三年秋八月,天子巡后土,登龍門。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>子和自請從行在所。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>天子識其狀貌,燕見移時,賜帛十端而還。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>九月既望,寢疾,浸,不瘳,乃命其二子留葬焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>二子長曰長彥,年十有二;</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>次曰季彥,年十歲。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>父之友西洛人姚進先有道,徵不就,飬志于家,長彥、季彥常受教焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>既除喪,則苦身勞力以自衣食。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>家有先人遺書,兄弟相勉,諷誦不倦。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>于時蒲阪令汝南許君然造其宅,勸使歸魯,奉以車二乘。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>辭曰:「載柩而返,則遺父違命;</STRONG> <STRONG>舍墓而去,則心所不忍。</STRONG> <STRONG>」君然曰:「以孫就祖,於禮為得。</STRONG> <STRONG>願子無疑。</STRONG> <STRONG>」答曰:「若以死有知也,祖猶鄰宗族焉。</STRONG> <STRONG>父獨留此,不以極乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>吾其定矣。</STRONG> <STRONG>」遂還其車。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>於是甘貧味道,研精《墳》、《典》,十餘年間,會徒數百。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>故時人為之語曰:「魯國孔氏好讀經,兄弟講誦皆可聽。</STRONG> <STRONG>學士來者有聲名,不過孔氏那得成?</STRONG> <STRONG>」長彥頗隨時為今學。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥壹其家業,兼脩《史》《漢》,不好諸家之書。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>2連叢子下: 華陰張太常問:「如何斯可謂備德君子?</STRONG> <STRONG>」季彥答曰:「性能沈邃,則不可測;</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>志不在小,則不可度;</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>砥厲廉隅,則不可越;</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>行高體卑,則不可階。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>興事效業,與言俱立。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>捨己從善,不恥服人。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>交友以義,不慕勢利。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>並立相下,不倡游言。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>若此可謂備德矣。</STRONG> <STRONG>」張生曰:「不有孝弟忠信乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」答曰:「別而論之,則應此條;</STRONG> <STRONG>惣而目之,則曰孝弟忠信。</STRONG> <STRONG>」張生聞是言,喜而書之。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>3連叢子下: 魯人有同歲上計而死者,欲為之服,問於季彥。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥曰:「有恩好者、其緦乎。</STRONG> <STRONG>昔諸侯大夫共會事于王,及以君命同盟霸主,其死則皆有哭臨之禮。</STRONG> <STRONG>今之上計、並覲天子,有交燕之歡。</STRONG> <STRONG>同名綈素,上紀先君,下錄子弟,相敦以好,相厲以義。</STRONG> <STRONG>又數相往來,特有私親,雖比之朋友,不亦可乎。</STRONG> <STRONG>」 4連叢子下: 崔駰學於大學而糧乏。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>鄧衛尉欲餼焉而未果。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥年九歲,以其父命往見衛尉,曰:「夫言不在多,在於當理;</STRONG> <STRONG>施不在豐,期於救乏。</STRONG> <STRONG>崔生、臣父之執也,不幸而貧。</STRONG> <STRONG>公許賑之,言既當理矣。</STRONG> <STRONG>從來有日,嘉貺未至。</STRONG> <STRONG>或欲豐之,然後乃致乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:「家物少,須租入,當猥送之。</STRONG> <STRONG>」季彥曰:「公顧盻崔生,欲分祿以周其無,君之惠也。</STRONG> <STRONG>必欲待君租入,然後猥致,則於崔生為贏。</STRONG> <STRONG>受人以自贏,非義,崔生所不為也。</STRONG> <STRONG>且今已乏矣,而方須租入,是猶古人欲決江海以救牛蹄之魚之類也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」鄧公曰:「諾。</STRONG> <STRONG>」 5連叢子下: 梁人取後妻,後妻殺夫,其子又殺之。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥返魯,過梁。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>梁相曰:「此子當以大逆論。</STRONG> <STRONG>禮、繼母如母,是殺母也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」季彥曰:「言如母,則與親母不等,欲以義督之也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>昔文姜與殺魯桓,《春秋》去其姜氏。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>《傳》曰:『不稱姜氏,絕不為親,禮也。</STRONG> <STRONG>』絕不為親,即凡人爾。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>且夫手殺重於知情。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>知情猶不得為親,則此下手之時,母名絕矣。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>方知古義,是子宜以非司寇而擅殺當之,不得為殺母而論以逆也,</STRONG><STRONG>梁相從之。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>6連叢子下: 弘農太守皇甫威明問仲淵曰:「吾聞孔氏自三父之後能傳祖之業者,常在於叔祖。</STRONG> <STRONG>今觀《連叢》所記,信如所聞。</STRONG> <STRONG>然則伯季之後,弗克負荷矣。</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:「不然也。</STRONG> <STRONG>先君所以為業者、非唯經傳而已。</STRONG> <STRONG>可以學則學,可以進則進,可以止則止。</STRONG> <STRONG>故曰『無可無不可也。</STRONG> <STRONG>』蓋唯執行中庸,期於得道,非末嗣子孫所能及也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>是以先父各取所能。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>能仕則仕,能學則學。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>自伯祖之子孫,世仕有位。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季祖之子孫,或學或仕,或文或武,所統不壹,故學不稽古,仕無高官,文非俎豆,武非戢兵,不專故也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」皇甫曰:「如高明之言,是故弗克負荷已。</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:「伯之子孫、今何其仕?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季之子孫、何所任?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>所以世得聞焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>且人之才性,受天有分。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>若如君之論,則成王伯禽雖致泰平,皆當以不聖蒙弗克負荷之罪乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」皇甫笑曰:「善。</STRONG> <STRONG>」既而或謂仲淵曰:「以古人推之,自可如皇甫之言爾,而子矜之,何也?</STRONG> <STRONG>皇甫雖口與子,心實不與也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:「吾其然然。</STRONG> <STRONG>此君來言,頗欲相侵,故激至於此。</STRONG> <STRONG>豈曰得道,由不獲已也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」 <BR><BR>7連叢子下: 長孫尚書問季彥曰:「處士、聖人之後也,豈知聖人之德惡乎齊?</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:「德行邈於世,智達秀於人,幾於如此矣。</STRONG> <STRONG>」曰:「聖人者、必能聞於無聲,見於無形,然後稱聖爾。</STRONG> <STRONG>如處士所言,大賢則能為之。</STRONG> <STRONG>」季彥曰:君之論、宜若未之近也。</STRONG> <STRONG>夫有聲,故可得而聽;</STRONG> <STRONG>有形,故可得而見。</STRONG> <STRONG>若乃無聲,雖師曠側耳,將何聞乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>無形,雖離婁並照,將何覩乎?</STRONG> <BR><STRONG><BR>書曰:『惟狂克念作聖。</STRONG> <STRONG>』狂人思念道德,猶為聖人。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>聖人、大賢之清者也,賢人、中人之清者也。</STRONG>&nbsp;<STRONG><BR><BR>&nbsp;8連叢子下: 孔大夫謂季彥曰:今朝廷以下、四海之內,皆為章句內學,而君獨治古義。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>治古義,則不能不非章句內學。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>非章句內學,則危身之道也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>獨善固不容於世。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>今古義雖善,時世所廢也,而獨為之,必將有患。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>盍固已乎?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>荅曰:「君之此言、殆非所望也。</STRONG> <STRONG>君以為學,學知乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>學愚乎?</STRONG> <STRONG>」大夫曰:「學、所以求知也。</STRONG> <STRONG>」季彥曰:君頻日聞吾說古義,一言輒再稱善,</STRONG><STRONG>善其使人知也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>以為章句內學迂誕不通,即使人愚也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>今欲使吾釋善善之知業,習迂誕不通之愚學。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>為人謀如此,於義何居?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>且君子立論,必析是非。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>以是易非,何傷之?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>如主上聰明睿知,不欲兩聞其義。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>博覽古今,擇善從之,以廣其聖乎?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>吾學不要祿,貴得正義爾。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>復以此受患,猶甘心焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>先聖遺訓,壁出古文,臨淮傳義,可謂妙矣。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>而不在科策之例,世人固莫識其奇矣。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>斯業之所以不泯,賴吾家世世獨脩之也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>今君猥為祿利之故,欲廢先君之道。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>此殆非所望也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>若從君言,是為先君正義滅於今日,將使來世達人見今文俗說,因嗤笑前聖。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>吾之力此,蓋為先人也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>物極則變,比百年之外,必當有明德君子恨不與吾偕世者。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>於是大夫悵然,曰:「吾意實不及此。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>敢謝不敏。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>9連叢子下: 楊太尉問季彥曰:「吾聞臨晉君異才博聞、周洽群籍。</STRONG> <STRONG>而世不歸大儒,何也?</STRONG> <STRONG>」荅曰:不為祿學故也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>惡直醜正,實繁有徒;</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>辨經說義,輒見增疾。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>但以所據者正,故眾人不能害爾。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>免害為幸,何大儒之見歸乎?</STRONG>&nbsp;<BR><BR></STRONG><STRONG> 10連叢子下: 季彥見劉公,客適有獻魚者。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>公孰視魚,歎曰:「厚哉!天之於人也。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>生五穀以為食,育鳥獸以為之肴。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>」眾坐僉曰:「誠如明公之教也。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>」季彥曰:「賤子愚意,竊與眾君子不同,以為不如明公之教也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>何者?</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>萬物之生、各稟天地,未必為人。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>人徒以知得而食焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>故《孝經》曰:『天地之性、人為貴。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>』貴有知也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>伏羲始嘗草木可食者,一日而遇七十二毒,然後五穀乃形,非天本為人之生也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>蚊蚋食人,蚓蟲食土,非天故為蚊蚋生人,蚓蟲生地也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>知此不然、則五穀、鳥獸之生,本不為人,可以為無疑矣。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>公良久曰:「辨哉!」眾坐默然。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>11連叢子下: 永初二年,季彥如京師,省宗人仲淵。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>是年夏,河南四縣雨雹,如棬杯,大者如斗,殺禽畜雉兔,折樹木,秋苗盡。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>於是天子責躬省過,並令幽隱有道術之士各得因變事,極陳厥故。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥與仲淵說道其意狀曰:此陰乘陽也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>貴臣擅權,母后黨盛,多致此異。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>然乃漢家之所大忌也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>于時下邳長孫子逸止仲淵第,聞是言也,心善之,因見上,說焉。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>上召季彥。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥見於德陽殿,陳其事,如與仲淵言也,曰:「陛下增脩聖德,慮此二者而已矣。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>夫物之相感,各以類推。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>其甚者,必有山崩地震,白氣相因。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>其事不可盡論。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>往者、延平之中,鄧后稱制,而東垣巨屋山大崩,聲動安邑,即前事之驗者。</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>」帝默然。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>左右皆不善其言。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥聞之,曰:「吾豈容媚勢臣而欺天子乎?</STRONG> </STRONG><STRONG>」後子逸相魯,舉季彥孝廉,固辭不就。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>會遭兄長彥憂,遂止乎家。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>季彥為人謙退愛厚,簡而不華,終不以榮利變其恬然之志,見不義而富貴者,視之如僕隸,其下筆則典誥成章,吐言必正名務理。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>故每所交游,莫不推先以為楷則也。</STRONG> </STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><STRONG>年四十有九,延光三年十一月丁丑卒。</STRONG></STRONG>
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<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-11 07:53:39

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