楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:51:28

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●救邊</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1救邊:聖王之政,普覆兼愛,不私近密,不忽踈遠,吉凶禍福,與民共之,哀樂之情,恕以及人,視民如赤子,救禍如引手爛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以四海歡悅,俱相得用。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2救邊:往者羌虜背叛,始自涼、并,延及司隸,東禍趙、魏,西鈔蜀、漢,五州殘破,六郡削迹,周迴千里,野無孑遺,寇鈔禍害,晝夜不止,百姓滅沒,日月焦盡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而內郡之士不被殃者,咸云當且放縱,以待天時。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>用意若此,豈人心也哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3救邊:前羌始反,公卿師尹咸欲捐棄涼州,卻保三輔,朝廷不聽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>後羌遂侵,而論者多恨不從惑議。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>余竊笑之,所謂媾亦悔,不媾亦有悔者爾,未始識變之理。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>地無邊,無邊亡國。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故失涼州,則三輔為邊;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三輔內入,則弘農為邊;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>弘農內入,則洛陽為邊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>推此以相況,雖盡東海猶有邊也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今不厲武以誅虜,選材以全境,而云邊不可守,欲先自割,偄寇敵,不亦惑乎!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4救邊:昔樂毅以慱慱之小燕,破滅彊齊,威震天下,真可謂良將矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然即墨大夫以孤城獨守,六年不下,竟完其民。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>田單師窮,率五千騎,擊走卻,復齊七十餘城,可謂善用兵矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>圍聊、莒連年,終不能拔。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此皆以至彊攻至弱,以上智圖下愚,而猶不能克者何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:攻常不足,而守恆有餘也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>前日諸郡,皆據列城而擁大眾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>羌虜之智,非乃樂毅、田單也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>郡縣之阨,未若聊、莒、即墨也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然皆不肯專心堅守,而反彊驅劫其民,捐棄倉庫,背城邑走。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,非苦城乏糧也,但苦將不食爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5救邊:折衝安民,要在任賢,不在促境。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊、魏卻守,國不以安。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子嬰自削,秦不以在。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>武皇帝攘夷拆境,面數千里,東開樂浪,西置燉煌,南踰交阯,北築朔方,卒定南越,誅斬大宛,武軍所嚮,無不夷滅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今虜近發封畿之內,而不能擒,亦自痛爾,非有邊之過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>唇亡齒寒,體傷心痛,必然之事,又何疑焉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子見機,況已著乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6救邊:乃者,邊害震如雷霆,赫如日月,而談者皆諱之,曰焱并竊盜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>淺淺善靖,俾君子怠,欲令朝廷以寇為小,而不蚤憂,害乃至此,尚不欲救。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:「痛不著身言忍之,錢不出家言與之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>假使公卿子弟有被羌禍,朝夕切急如邊民者,則競言當誅羌矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7救邊:今苟以己無慘怛冤痛,故端坐相仍,又不明脩禦之備,陶陶問澹,臥委天聽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>羌獨往來,深入多殺,己乃陸陸,相將詣闕,諧辭禮謝,退云狀,會坐朝堂,則無憂國哀民懇惻之誠,苟轉相顧望,莫肯違止,日晏時移,議無所定,己且須後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>後得小安,則恬然棄忘。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>旬時之間,虜復為害,軍書交馳,羽檄狎至,乃復怔忪如前。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若此以來,出入九載,庶曰式臧,覆出為惡,佪佪潰潰,當何終極!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《春秋》譏「鄭棄其師」,況棄人乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一人吁嗟,王道為虧,況百萬之眾,號哭泣咸天心乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8救邊:且夫國以民為基,貴以賤為本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以聖王養民,愛之如子,憂之如家,危者安之,亡者存之,救其災患,除其禍亂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故鬼方之伐,非好武也,玁狁于攘,非貪土也,「以振民育德」,安彊宇也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「古者,天子守在四夷」,「自彼互、羌,莫不來享」,普天思服,行葦賴德。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>況近我民蒙禍若此,可無救乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9救邊:凡民之所以奉事上者,懷義恩也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>痛則無恥,福則不仁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>忿戾怨懟,生於無恥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今羌叛久矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傷害多矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百姓急矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>憂禍深矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上下相從,未見休時。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不一命大將以掃醜虜,而州稍稍興役,連連不已。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若排榩障風,探沙灌河,無所能禦,徒自盡爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今數州屯兵才餘萬人,皆廩食縣官,歲數百萬斛,又有月直。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>但此人耗,不可勝供,而反憚暫出之費,甚非計也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10救邊:是夫危者易傾,疑者易化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今虜新擅邊地,未敢自安,易震蕩也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百姓新離舊懷,思慕未衰,易將厲也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誠宜因此遣大將誅討,迫脅離逖破壞之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如寬假日月,蓄積富貴,各懷安固之後,則難動矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《周書》曰:「凡彼聖人必趨時。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故戰守之策,不可不早定也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:51:42

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:28 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●邊議</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1邊議:明於禍福之實者,不可以虛論惑也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>察於治亂之情者,不可以華飾移也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故不疑之事,聖人不謀,浮游之說,聖人不聽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何者?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>計不背是實而更爭言也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以明君先盡人情,不獨委夫良將,脩己之備,無恃於人,故能攻必勝敵,而守必自全也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2邊議:羌始反時,計謀未善,黨與未成,人眾未合,兵器未備,或持竹木枝,或空手相附,草食散亂,未有都督,甚易破也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然太守令長,皆奴怯畏偄不敢擊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故令虜遂乘勝上彊,破州滅郡,日長炎炎,殘破三輔,「覃及鬼方。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若此已積十歲矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百姓被害,訖今不止。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而癡兒騃子,尚云不當救助,且待天時。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>用意若此,豈人也哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3邊議:夫仁者恕己以及人,智者講功而處事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今公卿內不傷士民滅沒之痛,外不慮久兵之禍,各懷一切,所脫避前,苟云不當動兵,而不復知引帝王之綱維,原禍變之所終也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4邊議:《易》制禦寇,《詩》美薄伐,自古有戰,非乃今也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《傳》曰:「天生五材,民並用之,廢一不可,誰能去兵?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>兵所以威不軌而昭文德也,聖人所以興,亂人所以廢。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊桓、晉文、宋襄,衰世諸侯,猶恥天下有相滅而己不能救,況皇天所命四海主乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉、楚大夫,小國之臣,猶恥己之身而有相侵,況天子三公典世任者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公劉仁德,廣被行葦,況含血之人,己同類乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一人吁嗟,王道為虧,況滅沒之民百萬乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》曰:「天子作民父母。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>父母之於子也,豈可坐觀其為寇賊之所屠剝,立視其為狗豕之所噉食乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5邊議:除其仁恩,且以計利言之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>國以民為基,貴以賤為本。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>願察開闢以來,民危而國安者誰也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上貧而下富者誰也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:「夫君國,將民之以,民實瘠,而君安得肥?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫以小民受天永命,竊願聖主深惟國基之傷病,遠慮禍福之所生。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6邊議:且夫物有盛衰,時有推移,事有激會,人有愛化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>智者揆象,不其宜乎!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孟明補闕於河西,范蠡收責於故胥,是以大功建於當世,而令名傳於無窮也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7邊議:今邊陲搔擾,日放族禍,百姓晝夜望朝廷救己,而公卿以為費煩不可。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>徒竊笑之,是以晏子輕囷倉之蓄而惜一杯之鑽何異?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今但知愛見薄之錢穀,而不知末見之待民先也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>知傜伇出難動,而不知中國之待邊寧也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8邊議:《詩》痛「或不知叫號,或慘慘劬勞。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今公卿苟以己不被傷,故競割國家之地以與敵,殺主上之民以餧羌。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為謀若此,未可謂知,為臣若此,未可謂忠,才智未足使議。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9邊議:且凡四海之內者,聖人之所以遺子孫也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>官位職事者,群臣之所以寄其身也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傳子孫者,思安萬世;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>寄其身者,各取一闋。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故常其言不久行,其業不可久厭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫此誠明君之所微察也,而聖主之所獨斷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今言不欲動民與煩可也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>即然,當脩守禦之備。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>必今之計,令虜不敢來,無所得;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>令民不患寇,既無所失。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今則不然,苟憚民力之煩勞,而輕使受滅亡之大禍。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非人之主,非民之將,非主之佐,非勝之主者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10邊議:且夫議者,明之所見也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>辭者,心之所表也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「維其有之,是以似之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諺曰:「何以服很?</STRONG><STRONG>莫若聽之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今諸言邊可不救而安者,宜誠以其身若子弟補邊太守令長丞尉,然後是非之情乃定,捄邊乃無患。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邊無患,中國乃得安寧。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:51:55

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:29 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●實邊</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1實邊:夫制國者,必照察遠近之情偽,預禍福之所從來,乃能盡群臣之筋力,而保興其邦家。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2實邊:前羌始叛,草創新起,器械未備,虜或持銅鏡以象兵,或負板案以類楯,惶懼擾攘,未能相持。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一城易制爾,郡縣皆大熾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及百姓暴被殃禍,亡失財貨,人哀奮怒,各欲報讎,而將帥皆怯劣軟弱,不敢討擊,但坐調文書,以欺朝廷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>實殺民百則言一,殺虜一則言百;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或虜實多而謂之少,或實少而謂之多。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傾側巧文,要取便身利己,而非獨憂國之大計,哀民之死亡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3實邊:又放散錢穀,殫盡府庫,乃復從民假貸,彊奪財貨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>千萬之家,削身無餘,萬民遺竭,因隨以死亡者,皆吏所餓殺也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其為酷痛,甚於逢虜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>寇鈔賊虜,忽然而過,未必死傷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>至使所搜索剽奪,游踵塗地,或覆宗滅族,絕無種類;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或孤婦女,為人奴婢,遠見販賣,至今不能自治者,不可勝數也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此之感天致災,尤逆陰陽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4實邊:且夫士重遷,戀慕墳墓,賢不肖之所同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民之於徙,甚於伏法。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伏法不過家一人死爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸亡失財貨,奪土遠移,不習風俗,不便水土,類多滅門,少能還者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>代馬望北,狐死首丘,邊民謹頓,尤惡內留。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖知禍人,猶願守其緒業,死其本處,誠不欲去之極。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>太守令長,畏惡軍事,皆以素非此土之人,痛不著身,禍不及我家,故爭郡縣以內遷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>至遣吏兵,發民禾稼,發徹屋室,夷其營壁,破其生業,彊劫驅掠,與其內入,捐棄羸弱,使死其處。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當此之時,萬民怨痛,泣血叫號,誠愁鬼神而感天心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然小民謹劣,不能自達闕庭,依官吏家,迫將滅嚴,不敢有摯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民既奪土失業,又遭蝗旱飢遺,逐道東走,流離分散,幽、冀、兗、豫,荊、楊、蜀、漢,飢餓死亡,復失太半。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邊地遂以兵荒,至今無人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>原禍所起,皆吏過爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5實邊:夫土地者,民之本也,誠不可久荒以開墾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且扁鵲之治病也,審閉結而通鬱,虛者補之,實者瀉之,故病愈而名顯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伊尹之佐湯也,設輕重而通有無,損積餘以補不足,故殷治而君尊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賈誼痛於偏枯躄痱之疾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今邊郡千里,地各有兩縣,戶財置敢百,而太守周迴萬里,空無人民,美田棄而莫墾發;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中州內郡,規地拓境,不能生邊,而口戶百萬,田畝一全,人眾地荒,無所容足,此亦偏枯躄痱之類也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6實邊:《周書》曰:「土多人少,莫出其材,是謂虛土,可襲伐也。</STRONG><STRONG>土少人眾,民非其民,可遺竭也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故土地人民必相稱也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今邊郡多害而役劇,動入禍門。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不為興利除害,有以勸之,則長無與復之,而門有寇戎之心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>西羌北虜,必生闚欲,誠大憂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7實邊:百工制器,咸填其邊,散之兼倍,豈有私哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃所以固其內爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先聖制法,亦務實邊,蓋以安中國也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>譬猶家人遇寇賊者,必使老小羸軟居其中央,丁彊武猛衛其外。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內人奉其養,外人禦其難,蛩蛩距虛,更相恃仰,乃俱安存。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8實邊:詔書法令:二十萬口,邊郡十萬,歲舉孝廉一人;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>員除世舉廉吏一人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>羌反以來,戶口減少,又數易太守,至十歲不得舉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當職勤勞而不錄,賢俊蓄積而悉,衣冠無所覬望,農夫無所貪利,是以逐稼中災,莫肯就外。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古之利其民,誘之以利,弗脅以刑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》曰:「先王以省方觀民設教。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故建武初,得邊郡,戶雖數百,令歲舉孝廉,以召來人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今誠宜權時令邊郡舉孝一人,廉吏世舉一又,益置明經百石一人,內郡人將妻子來召著,五歲以上,與居民同均,皆得選舉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又募運民耕邊入穀,遠郡千斛,近郡二千斛,拜爵五大夫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>可不欲爵者,使食倍賈於內郡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如此,君子小人各有所利,則雖欲令無往,弗能正也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>均此苦樂、平傜伇、充邊境、安中國之要術也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:52:06

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●卜列</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1卜列:天地開闢有神民,民神異業精氣通。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>行有招召,命有遭隨,吉凶之期,天難諶斯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖賢雖察不自專,故立卜筮以質神靈。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子稱「蓍之德圓而神,卦之德方以智。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:「君子將有行也,問焉而已言,其受命而嚮。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以禹之得皋陶,文王之取呂尚,皆兆告其象,卜底其思,以成其吉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2卜列:夫君子聞善則勸樂而進,聞惡則循省而改尤,故安靜而多福;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小人聞善,即懾懼而妄為,故狂躁而多禍。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故凡卜筮者,蓋所問吉凶之情,言興衰之期,令人脩身慎行以迎福也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3卜列:且聖王之立卜筮也,不違民以為吉,不專任以斷事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《鴻範》之占,大同是尚。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《書》又曰:「假爾元龜,罔敢知吉。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「我龜既厭,不我告猶。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>從此觀之,蓍龜之情,儻有隨時儉易,不以誠邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將世無史蘇之材,識神者少乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及周史之筮敬仲,莊叔之筮穆子,可謂能「探賾索隱,鉤深致遠者矣。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>使獻公早納史蘇之言,穆子宿備莊叔之戒,則驪姬、豎牛之讒,亦將無由而入,無破國危身之禍也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4卜列:聖人甚重卜筮,然不疑之事,亦不問也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>甚敬祭祀,非禮之祈,亦不為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:「聖人不煩卜筮」,「敬鬼神而遠之」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫鬼神與人殊氣異務,非有事故,何奈於我?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故孔子善楚昭之不祀河,而惡季氏之旅泰山。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今俗人筴於卜筮,而祭非其鬼,豈不惑哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5卜列:亦有妄傳姓於五音,設五宅之符第,其為誣也甚矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古有陰陽,然後有五行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五帝右據行氣,以生人民,載世遠,乃有姓名敬民。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>名字者,蓋所以別眾猥而顯此人爾,非以絕五音而定剛柔也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今俗人不能推紀本祖,而反欲以聲音言語定五行,誤莫甚焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6卜列:夫魚處水而生,鳥據巢而卯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>即不推其本祖,諧音而可,即呼鳥為魚,可內之水乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>呼魚為鳥,可棲之木邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此不然之事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>命駒曰犢,終不為馬。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故凡姓之有音也,必隨其本生祖所土也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>太皞木精,承歲而王,夫其子孫咸當為角。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>神農火精,承熒惑而王,夫其子孫咸當為徵。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>黃帝土精,承鎮而王,夫其子孫咸當為宮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>少皞金精,承太白而王,夫其子孫咸當為商。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>顓頊水精,承辰而王,夫其子孫咸當為羽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖號百變,音行不易。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7卜列:俗工又曰:「商家之宅,宜西出門。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此復虛矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五行當出乘其勝,入居其隩乃安吉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>商家向東入,東入反以為金伐木,則家中精神日戰鬭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五行皆然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:「宅有宮商之第,直符之歲。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>既然者,放其上增損門數,即可以變其音而過其符邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今一宅也,同姓相伐,或吉或凶;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一宮也,同姓相伐,或遷或免;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一宮也,成、康居之日以興,幽、厲居之日以衰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,吉凶興衰不在宅明矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8卜列:及諸神祇太歲、豐隆、鉤陳、太陰將軍之屬,此乃天吏,非細民所當事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天之有此神也,皆所以奉成陰陽而利物也,若人治之有牧守令長矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>向之何怒?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>背之何怨?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君民道近,不宜相責,況神致貴,與人異禮,豈可望乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9卜列:且欲使人而避鬼,是即道路不可行,而室廬不復居也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂賢人君子秉心方直,精神堅固者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>至如世俗小人,醜妾婢婦,淺陋愚戇,漸染既成,又數揚精破膽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今不順精誠所向,而彊之以其所畏,直亦增病爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>何以明其然也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫人之所以為人者,非以此八尺之身也,乃以其有精神也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人有恐怖死者,非病之所加也,非人功之所辜也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然而至於遂不損者,精誠去之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蓋奔柙猛虎而不惶,嬰人畏螻蟻而發聞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今通士或欲彊羸病之愚人,必之其所不能,吾又恐其未盡善也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10卜列:移風易俗之本,乃在開其心而正其精。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今民生不見正道,而長於邪淫誑惑之中,其信之也,難卒解也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>唯王者能變之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:52:18

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:31 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●正列</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1正列:凡人吉凶,以行為主,以命為決。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>行者、己之質也,命者、天之制也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>在於己者,固可為也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>在於天者,不可知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>巫覡祝請,亦其助也,然非德不行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>巫史祈祝者,蓋所以交鬼神而救細微爾,至於大命,末如之何。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>譬民人之請謁於吏矣,可以解微過,不能脫正罪。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>設有人於此,晝夜慢侮君父之教,干犯先王之禁,不克己心,思改過善,而苟驟發請謁以求解免,必不幾矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不若脩己,小心畏慎,無犯上之必令也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故孔子不聽子路,而云「丘之禱久矣」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《孝經》云:「夫然,故生則親安之,祭則鬼享之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由此觀之,德義無違,神乃享;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鬼神受享,福祚乃隆。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《詩》云:「降福禳禳,降福簡簡,威儀板板。</STRONG><STRONG>既醉既飽,福祿來反。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此言人德義茂美,神歆享醉飽,乃反報之以福也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2正列:虢延神而亟亡,趙嬰祭天而速滅,此蓋所謂神不歆其祀,民不即其事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故魯史書曰:「國將興,聽於民;</STRONG><STRONG>將亡,聽於神。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>楚昭不禳雲,宋景不移咎,子產距裨竈,邾文公違卜史,此皆審己知道,身以俟命者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晏平仲有言:「祝有益也,詛亦有損也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>季梁之諫隨侯,宮之奇說虞公,可謂明乎天人之道,達乎神民之分矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3正列:夫妖不勝德,邪不伐正,天之經也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖時有違,然智者守其正道,而不近於淫鬼。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂淫鬼者,閑邪精物,非有守司真神靈也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鬼之有此,猶人之有姦言賣平以干求者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若或誘之,則遠來不止,而終必有咎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鬼神亦然,故申繻曰:「人之所忌,其氣炎以取之。</STRONG><STRONG>人無釁焉,妖不自作。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是謂人不可多忌,多忌妄畏,實致妖祥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4正列:且人有爵位,鬼神有尊卑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天地山川、社稷五祀、百辟卿士有功於民者,天子諸侯所命祀也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若乃巫覡之謂獨語,小人之所望畏,士公、飛尸、咎魅、北君、銜聚、當路、直符七神,及民間繕治微蔑小禁,本非天王所當憚也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5正列:舊時京師不防,動功造禁,以來吉祥應瑞,子孫昌熾,不能過前。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且夫以君畏臣,以上需下,則必示弱而取陵,殆非致福之招也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6正列:嘗觀上記,人君身脩正、賞罰明者,國治而民安;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民安樂者,天悅喜而增曆數。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《書》曰:「王以小民受天永命。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「天之所助者順也,人之所助者信也。</STRONG><STRONG>履信思乎順,又以尚賢,是以自天祐之,吉無不利。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此最卻凶災而致福善之本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:52:31

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:36 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●相列</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1相列:《詩》所謂「天生烝民,有物有則。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故人身體形貌皆有象類,骨法角肉各有分部,以著性命之期,顯貴賤之表,一人之身,而五行八卦之氣具焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故師曠曰「赤色不壽」,火家姓易滅也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》之《說卦》:「《巽》為人多白眼」,相揚四白者兵死,此猶金伐木也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《經》曰:「近取諸身,遠取諸物。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「聖人有見天下之至賾,而擬諸形容,象其物宜。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此亦賢人之所察,紀往以知來,而著為憲則也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2相列:人之相法,或在面部,或在手足,或在行步,或在聲響。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>面部欲溥平潤澤,手足欲深細明直,行步欲安穩覆載,音聲欲溫和中宮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>頭面手足,身形骨節,皆欲相副稱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此其略要也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3相列:夫骨法為祿相表,氣色為吉凶候,部位為年時,德行為三者招,天授性命決然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>表有顯微,色有濃淡,行有薄厚,命有去就。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以吉凶期會,祿位成敗,有不必。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非聰明慧智,用心精密,孰能以中?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4相列:昔內史叔服過魯,公妋敖聞其能相人也,而見其二子焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>叔服曰:「穀也食子,難也收子。</STRONG><STRONG>穀也豐下,必有後於魯。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及穆伯之老也,文伯居養;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其死也,惠叔典哭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯竟立獻子,以續孟氏之後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及王孫說相喬如,子上幾商臣,子文憂越椒,叔姬惡食我,單襄公察晉厲,子貢觀邾魯,臧文聽禦說,陳咸見張,賢人達士,察以善心,無不中矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及唐舉之相李兌、蔡澤,許負之相鄧通、條侯,雖司命班祿,追敘行事,弗能過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5相列:雖然,人之有骨法也,猶萬物之有種類,材木之有常宜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>巧匠因象,各有所授,曲者宜為,輿,檀宜作輻,榆宜作轂,此其正法通率也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若有其質,而工不材,可如何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故凡相者,能期其所極,不能使之必至。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>十種之地,膏壤雖肥,弗耕不穫;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>千里之馬,骨法雖具,弗策不致。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6相列:夫觚而弗琢,不成於器;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>士而弗仕,不成於位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若此者,天地所不能貴賤,鬼神所不能貧富也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或王公孫子,仕宦終老,不至於穀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或庶隸廝賤,無故騰躍,窮極爵位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此受天性命,當必然者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》稱「天難忱斯」,性命之質,德行之招,參錯授,不易者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7相列:然其大要,骨法為主,氣色為候。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五色之見,王廢有。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>智者見祥,脩善迎之,其有憂色,循行改尤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>愚者反戾,不自省思,雖休徵見相,福轉為災。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於戲君子,可不敬哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:52:44

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:38 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●夢列</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1夢列:凡夢:有直,有象,有精,有想,有人,有感,有時,有反,有病,有性。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2夢列:在昔武王,邑姜方震太叔,夢帝謂己:「命爾子虞,而與之唐。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及生,手掌曰「虞」,因以為名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>成王滅唐,遂以封之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂直應之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「惟熊惟羆,男子之祥;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惟虺惟蛇,女子之祥。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「眾惟魚矣,實惟豐年;</STRONG><STRONG>旐惟旄矣,室家蓁蓁。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂象之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子生於亂世,日思周公之德,夜即夢之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂意精之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人有所思,即夢其到;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有憂即夢其事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂記想之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今事,貴人夢之即為祥,賤人夢之即為妖,君子夢之即為榮,小人夢之即為辱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂人位之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晉文公於城濮之戰,夢楚子伏己而盬其腦,是大惡也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及戰,乃大勝。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂極反之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陰雨之夢,使人厭迷;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陽旱之夢,使人亂離;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大寒之夢,使人怨悲;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大風之夢,使人飄飛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂感氣之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>春夢發生,夏夢高明,秋冬夢熱藏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂應時之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陰病夢寒,陽病夢熱,內病夢亂,外病夢發,百病之夢,或散或集。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂氣之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人之情心,好惡不同,或以此吉,或以此凶。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當各自察,常古所從。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此謂性情之夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3夢列:故先有差武者,謂之精;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>晝有所思,夜夢其事,乍吉乍善,凶惡不信者,謂之想;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貴賤賢愚,男女長少,謂之人;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>風雨寒暑謂之感;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五行王相謂之時,陰極即吉,陽極即凶,謂之反;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>觀其所疾,察其所夢,謂之病;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>心精好惡,於事驗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>謂之性:凡此十者,占夢之大略也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4夢列:而決吉凶者之類以多反,其故哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>豈人覺為陽,人寐為陰,陰陽之務相反故邪?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此亦謂其不甚者爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>借如使夢吉事而己意大喜樂,發於心精,則真吉矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夢凶事而己意大恐懼憂悲,發於心精,即真惡矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂秋冬夢死傷也,吉者順時也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖然,財為大害爾,由弗若勿夢也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5夢列:凡察夢之大體:清絜鮮好,貌堅健,竹木茂美,宮室器械新成,方正開通,光明溫和,升上向興之象皆為吉喜,謀從事成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>諸臭汙腐爛,枯槁絕霧,傾倚徵邪,劓刖不安,閉塞幽昧,解落墜下向衰之象皆為,計謀不從,舉事不成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>妖孽怪異,可憎可惡之事皆為憂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>圖畫䘏胎,刻鏤非真,瓦器虛空,皆為見欺紿。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>倡優俳儛,侯小兒所戲弄之象,皆為觀笑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此其大部也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6夢列:夢或甚顯而無占,或甚微而有應,何也?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:本所謂之夢者,困不了察之稱,而懵憒冒名也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故亦不專信以斷事。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人對計事,起而行之,尚有不從,況於忘忽雜夢,亦可必乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>唯其時有精誠之所感薄,神靈之所告者,乃有占爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7夢列:是故君子之異夢,非妄而已也,必有事故焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小人之異夢,非桀而已也,時有真祥焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以武丁夢獲聖而得傅說,二世夢白虎而其封。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8夢列:夫奇異之夢,多有故而少無為者矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人一寢之夢,或屢遷化,百物代至,而其主不能究道之,故占者有不中也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非古之罪也,乃夢者過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或言夢審矣,而說者不能連類傳觀,故其惡有不驗也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此非書之罔,乃說之過也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故占夢之難者,讀其書為難也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9夢列:夫占夢必謹其變故,審其徼候,內考情意,外考王相,即吉凶之符,善惡之效,庶可見也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10夢列:且凡人道見瑞而脩德者,福必成,見瑞而縱恣者,福轉為禍;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見妖而驕侮者,禍必成,見妖而戒懼者,禍轉為福。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故大姒有吉夢,文王不敢康吉,祀于群神,然後占于明堂,並拜吉夢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>修發戒懼,聞喜若憂,故能成吉以有天下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虢公夢見蓐收賜之土田,目以為有吉,因史嚚,令國賀夢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聞憂而喜,故能成凶以滅其封。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11夢列:《易》曰:「使知懼,又明於憂患與故。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡有異夢感心,以及人之吉凶,相之氣色,無問善惡,常恐懼脩省,以德迎之,乃其逢吉,「天祿永終」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:52:57

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:42 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●釋難</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1釋難:庚子問於潛夫曰:「堯、舜道德,不可兩美,實若韓子戈伐之說邪?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2釋難:潛夫曰:「是不知難而不知類。</STRONG><STRONG>今夫伐者盾也,厥性利;</STRONG><STRONG>戈者矛也,厥性害。</STRONG><STRONG>伐為賊,伐為禁也,其不俱盛,固其術也。</STRONG><STRONG>夫堯、舜之相於,人也,非戈與伐也,其道同仁,不相害也。</STRONG><STRONG>舜、伐何如弗得俱堅?</STRONG><STRONG>堯、伐何如不得俱賢哉?</STRONG><STRONG>且夫堯、舜之德,譬猶偶燭之施明于幽室也,前燭即盡照之矣,後燭入而益明。</STRONG><STRONG>此非前燭昧而後燭彰也,乃二者相因而成大光,二聖相德而致太平之功也。</STRONG><STRONG>是故大鵬之動,非一羽之輕也;</STRONG><STRONG>騏驥之速,非一足之力也。</STRONG><STRONG>眾良相德,而積施乎無極也。</STRONG><STRONG>堯、舜兩美,蓋其則也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3釋難:伯叔曰:「吾子過矣。</STRONG><STRONG>韓非之取矛盾以喻者,將假其不可兩立,以詰堯、舜之不得並之勢。</STRONG><STRONG>而論其本性之仁與賊,不亦失是譬喻之意乎?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4釋難:潛夫曰:「夫譬喻也者,生於直告之不明,故假物之然否以彰之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>物之有然否也,非以其文也,必以其真也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今子舉其實文之性以喻,而欲使鄙也釋其文,鄙也惑焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>且吾聞問陰對陽,謂之彊說;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論西詰東,謂之彊難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>子若欲自必以則昨反思,然後求,無苟目彊。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5釋難:庚子曰:「周公知管、蔡之惡,以相武,使肆厥毒,從而誅之,何不仁也?</STRONG><STRONG>若其不知,何不聖也?</STRONG><STRONG>二者之過,必處一焉。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6釋難:潛夫曰:「書二子挾庚子父以叛,然未知其類之與?</STRONG><STRONG>抑抑相反?</STRONG><STRONG>且天知桀惡而帝之夏,又知紂惡而王之殷,使虐二國,殘賊下民,多縱厥毒,滅其身,亦可謂不仁不知乎?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7釋難:庚子曰:「不然。</STRONG><STRONG>夫桀、紂者,無親於天,故天任而弗憂,誅之而弗哀。</STRONG><STRONG>今管、蔡之與周公也,有兄弟之親,有骨肉之恩,不量能而使之,不堪命而任之,故曰異於桀、之與天也。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8釋難:潛夫曰:皇天無親,帝王繼體之君,父事天。</STRONG><STRONG>王者為子,故父事天也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>率土之民,「莫非王臣」也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將而必誅,王法公也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無偏無頗,親踈同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「大義滅親」,尊王之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>立弊之天為周公之德因斯也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>過此而往者,未之或知。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9釋難:秦子問於潛夫曰:「耕種、生之本也,學問、業之末也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>老聃有言:『大丈夫處其實,不居其華。</STRONG><STRONG>』而孔子曰:『耕也,餒在其中;</STRONG><STRONG>學也,祿在其中。</STRONG><STRONG>』敦問今使舉世之人,釋耨耒而程相群於學,何如?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10釋難:潛夫曰:「善哉問!</STRONG><STRONG>君子勞心,小人勞力。</STRONG><STRONG>故孔子所稱,謂君子爾。</STRONG><STRONG>今以目所見,耕、食之本也。</STRONG><STRONG>以心原道,即學、又耕之本也。</STRONG><STRONG>《易》曰:『立天之道曰陰與陽,立地之道曰柔與剛,立人之道曰仁與義。</STRONG><STRONG>』夫反德者為災。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11釋難:潛夫曰:嗚呼!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>而未此察乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>吾語子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫君子也者,其賢宜君國而德宜子民也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宜處此位者,唯仁義人,故有仁義者,謂之君子。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昔荀子有言:『夫仁也者愛人,愛人,故不忍危也;</STRONG><STRONG>義也者聚人,聚人,故不忍亂也。</STRONG><STRONG>』是故君子夙夜箴規,蹇蹇匪懈者,憂君之危亡,哀民之亂離也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故賢人君子,推其仁義之心,愛之君猶父母也,愛居世之民猶子弟也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>父母將臨顛隕之患,子弟將有陷溺之禍者,豈能墨乎哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以『仁者必有勇』,而德人必有義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>12釋難:且夫一國盡亂,無有安身。</STRONG><STRONG>《詩》云:『莫肯念亂,誰無父母。</STRONG><STRONG>』言將皆為害,然有親者憂將深也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故賢人君子,既憂民,亦為身作。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫蓋滿於上,沾溥在下,棟折欀崩,懼有厭患。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故大屋移傾,則下之人不待告令,各爭其柱之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仁者兼護人家者,且自為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》曰:『王明,並受其福。</STRONG><STRONG>』是以次室倚立而嘆嘯,楚女揭幡而激王。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仁惠之恩,忠愛之情,固能已乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:53:10

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:45 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●交際</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1交際:語曰:「人惟舊,器惟新。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昆弟世踈,朋友世親。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此交際之理,人之情也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今則不然,多思遠而忘近,背故而向新;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或歷載而益踈,或中路而相捐,悟先聖之典戒,負久要之誓言。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>斯何故哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>退而省之,亦可知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>勢有常趣,理有固然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>富貴則人爭附之,此勢之常趣也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貧賤則爭去之,此理之固然也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2交際:夫與富貴交者,上有稱譽之用,下有貨財之益。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>與貧賤交者,大有賑貸之費,小有假借之損。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今使官人雖兼桀、跖之惡,苟結駟而過士,士猶以榮而歸焉,況其實有益者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>使處子雖苞顏、閔之賢,苟被褐而造門,人猶以為辱而恐其復來,況其實有損者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3交際:故富貴易得宜,貧賤難得適。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>好服謂之奢僭,惡衣謂之困厄,徐行謂之飢餒,疾行謂之逃責,不候謂之倨慢,數來謂之求食,空造以為無意,奉贄以為欲貸,恭謙以為不肖,抗揚以為不得。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此處子之羈薄,貧賤之苦酷也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4交際:夫處卑下之位,懷《北門》之殷憂,內見謪於妻子,外蒙譏於士夫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>嘉會不從禮,餞御不逮眾,貨財不足以合好,力勢不足以扙急。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>歡忻久交,情好曠而不接,則人無故自廢踈矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>漸踈則賤者逾自嫌而日引,貴人逾務黨而忘之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫以逾踈之賤,伏於下流,而望日忘之貴,此《谷風》所為內摧傷,而介推所以赴深山也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5交際:夫交利相親,交害相踈。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故長捄誓而廢,心無用者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>交漸而親,必有益者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俗人之相於也,有利生親,積親生愛,積愛生是,積是生賢,情苟賢之,則不自覺心之親之,口之譽之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無利生踈,積踈生憎,積憎生非,積非生惡,情苟惡之,則不自覺心之外之,口之毀之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故富貴雖新,其勢日親;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貧賤雖舊,其勢日除,此處子所以不能與官人競也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世主不察朋交之所生,而苟信貴臣之言,此絜士所以獨隱翳,而姦雄所以黨飛揚也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6交際:昔魏其之客,流於武安;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>長平之吏,移於冠軍;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>廉頗、翟公,載盈載虛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫以四君之賢,藉舊貴之夙恩,客猶若此,則又況乎生貧賤者哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>唯有古烈之風,志義之士,為不然爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>恩有所結,終身無解;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>心有所矜,賤而益篤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「淑人君子,其儀一兮,心如結兮。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故歲寒然後知松柏之後凋也,隘然後知其人之篤固也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7交際:候羸、豫讓,出身以報恩;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鱄諸、荊軻,奮命以效用。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故死可為也,處之難爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>龐勛、㪍貂,一旦見收,亦立為義報,況累舊乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故鄒陽稱之曰:「桀之狗可使吠堯,跖之客可使刺由。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>豈虛言哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俗士淺短,急於目前,見赴有益則先至,顧無用則後輩。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以欲速之徒,競推上而不暇接下,爭逐前而不遑䘏後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故韓安國能遺田蚡五百金,而不能賑一窮;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>翟方進稱淳于長,而不能薦一士。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫安國、方進,前世之忠良也,而猶若此,則又況乎末塗之下相哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此姦雄所以逐黨進,而處子所以愈擁蔽也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非明聖之君,孰能照察?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8交際:且夫怨惡之生,若二人偶焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟相對也,恩情相向,推極其意,精誠相射,貫心達髓,愛樂之隆,輕相為死,是故侯生、豫子刎頸而不恨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟相背也,心情乖㸦,推極其意,分背奔馳,窮東極西,心尚未決,是故陳餘、張耳老相全滅而無感痛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>從此觀之,交際之理,其情大矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非獨朋友為然,君臣夫婦亦猶是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當其歡也,父子不能問;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及其乖也,怨讎不能先。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故聖人常慎微以敦其終。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9交際:富貴未必可重,貧賤未必可輕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人心不同好,度量相萬億。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>許由讓其帝位,俗人有爭縣職,孟軻辭祿萬鍾,小夫貪於升食。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:鶉鷃群游,終日不休,亂舉聚跱,不離蒿茆。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鴻鵠高飛,雙別乖離,通千達萬,志在陂池。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鸞鳳翱翔黃歷之上,徘徊太清之中,隨景風而飄颻,時抑揚以從容,意猶未得,喈喈然長鳴,蹶號振翼,陵朱雲,薄升極,呼吸陽露,曠旬不食,其意尚猶嗛嗛如也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三者殊務,各安所為。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以伯夷採薇而不恨,巢父木棲而自願。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>由斯觀諸,士之志量,固難測度。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡百君子,未可以富貴驕貧賤,謂貧賤之必我屈也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10交際:《詩》云:「德輶如毛,民鮮克舉之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世有大男者四,而人莫之能行也,一曰恕,二曰平,三曰恭,四曰守。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫恕者、仁之本也,平者、義之本也,恭者、禮之本也,守者、信之本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>四本並立,四行乃具,四行具存,是謂真賢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>四本不立,四行不成,四行無一,是謂小人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11交際:所謂恕者,君子之人,論彼恕於我,動作友聲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故人君不開精誠以示賢忠,賢忠亦無以得達。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《易》曰:「王明,並受其福。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以忠臣必待明君乃能顯其節,良吏必得察主乃能成其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君不明,則大臣隱下不遏忠,又群司舍法而阿貴。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫忠言所以為安也,不貢必危;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>法禁所以為治也,不奉必亂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>忠之貢與不貢,法之奉與不奉,其秉皆在於君,非臣下之所能為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故聖人求之於己,不以責下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡為人上,法術明而賞罰必者,雖無言語而勢自治。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>12交際:治賈一倍,以相高。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟能富貴,雖積狡惡,爭稱譽之,終不見非;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟處貧賤,恭謹秪為不肖,終不見是。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此俗化之所以浸敗,而禮義之所以消衰也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>13交際:世有可患者三。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三者何?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>曰:情實薄而辭稱厚,念實忽而文想憂,懷不來而外克期。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不信則懼失賢,信之則註誤人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此俗世可猒之甚者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故孔子疾夫言之過其行者,《詩》傷「蛇蛇碩言,出自口矣。</STRONG><STRONG>巧言如簧,顏之厚矣。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>14交際:今世俗之交也,未相照察而求深固,探懷扼腕,拊心祝詛,苟欲相護論議而已,分背之日,既得之後,則相棄忘。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或受人恩德,先以濟度,不能拔舉,則因毀之,為生瑕釁,明言我不遺力,無奈自不可爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「知我如此,不如無生。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先合而後忤,有初而無終,不若本無生意,彊自誓也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>15交際:「君子屢盟,亂是用長。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大人之道,周而不比,微言相感,掩若同符,又焉用盟?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子恂恂,似不能言者,又稱「誾誾言,唯謹也」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>士貴有辭,亦憎多口。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:「文質彬彬,然後君子。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>與其不忠,剛毅木納,尚近於仁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>16交際:嗚呼哀哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡今之人,言方行圓,口正心邪,行與言謬,心與口違;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論古則知稱夷、齊、原、顏,言今則必官爵職位;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>虛談則知以德義為賢,貢薦則必閥閱為前。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>處子雖躬顏、閔之行,性勞謙之質,秉伊、呂之才,懷救民之道,其不見資於斯世也,亦已明矣!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:53:23

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:46 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●明忠</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1明忠:人君之稱,莫大於明;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人臣之譽,莫美於忠。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此二德者,古來君臣所共願也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然明不繼踵,忠不萬一者,非必愚闇不逮而惡名揚也,所道求之非其道之爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2明忠:夫明據下起,忠依上成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「二人同心,則利斷金。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>能如此者,兩譽俱具。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>要在於明操法術,自握權秉而已矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂術者,使下不得欺也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>所謂權者,使勢不得亂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>術誠明,則雖萬里之外,幽冥之內,不得不求效;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>權誠用,則遠近親踈,貴賤賢愚,無不歸心矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周室之末則不然,離其術而舍其權,怠於己而恃於人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以公卿不思忠,百僚不盡力,君王孤蔽於上,兆黎冤亂於下,故遂衰微侵奪而不振也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3明忠:夫帝王者,其利重矣,其威大矣,徒懸重利,足以勸善;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>徒設嚴威,可以懲姦。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃張重利以誘民,操大威以驅之,則舉世之人,可令冒白刃而不恨,赴湯火而不難,豈云但率之以共治而不宜哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若鷹、也,然獵夫御之,猶使終日奮擊而不敢怠,豈有人臣而不可使盡力者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4明忠:《詩》云:「伐柯伐柯,其則不遠。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫神明之術,其在君身,而忽之,故令臣鉗口結舌而不敢言。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此耳目所以蔽塞,聰明所以不得也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>制下之權,日陳君前,而君釋之,故令君臣懈弛而背朝。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此威德所以不照,而功名所以不建也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5明忠:《詩》云:「我雖異事,及爾同僚。</STRONG><STRONG>我即爾謀,聽我敖敖。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫惻隱人皆有之,是故耳聞啼號之音,無不為之慘悽悲懷而傷心者;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>目見危怠之事,無不為之灼怛驚而赴救之者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君臣義重,行路禮輕,過耳悟目之交,未恩未德,非貧非貴,而猶若此,則又況於北面稱臣被寵者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6明忠:是故進忠扶危者,賢不肖之所共願也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誠皆願之而行違者,常苦其道不利而有害,言未得言而身敗爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>歷觀古來愛君憂主敢言之臣,治勢一成,君自不能亂也,況臣下乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>法術不明而賞罰不必者,雖曰號令,然勢自亂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亂勢一成,君自不能治也,況臣下乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故勢治者,雖委之不亂;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>勢亂者,雖懃之不治也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>堯、舜恭己无為而有餘,勢治也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>胡亥、王莽馳騖,勢亂也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故曰:善者求之於勢,弗責於人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以明王審法度而布教令,不行私以欺法,不黷教以辱命,故臣下敬其言而奉其禁,竭其心而稱其職。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此由法術明而威權任也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7明忠:夫術之為道也,精微而神,言之不足,而行有餘;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有餘,故能兼四海而照幽冥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>權之為勢也,健悍以大,不待貴賤,操之者重;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>重,故能奪主威而順當也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以明君未嘗示人術而借下權也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「可與權。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故聖人「顯諸仁,藏諸用。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「神而化之,使民宜之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然後致其治而成其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>功業效於民,美譽傳于世,然後君乃得稱明,臣乃得稱忠。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此所謂明據下作,忠依上成,二人同心,其利斷金也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:53:35

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●本訓</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1本訓:上古之世,太素之時,元氣窈冥,未有形兆,萬精合并,混而為一,莫制莫御。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若斯久之,翻然自化,清濁分別,變成陰陽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>陰陽有體,實生兩儀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「天地壹鬱,萬物化淳。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>和氣生人,以統理之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2本訓:是故天本諸陽,地本諸陰,人本中和。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三才異務,相待而成,各循其道,和氣乃臻,璣衡乃平。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3本訓:天道日施,地道日化,人道日為。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為者、蓋所謂感通陰陽而致珍異也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人行之動天地,譬猶車上御駟馬,蓬中擢自照矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖為所覆載,然亦在我何所之可。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「時乘六龍以御天。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「言行、君子所以動天地也,可不慎乎?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>從此觀之,天呈其兆,人序其勳,《書》故曰:「天功、人其代之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如蓋理其政以和天氣,以臻其功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4本訓:是故道德之用,莫大於氣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>道者,之根也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>氣,所變也神,氣之所動也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當此之時,正氣所加,非唯於人,百穀草木,禽獸魚鱉,皆口養其氣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聲入於耳,以感於心,男女聽,以施精神。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>資和以兆衃,民之胎,含嘉以成體。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及其生也,和以養性,美在其中,而暢於四胑,實於血脈,以心性志耳,意目精欲,無不貞廉絜懷履行者。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此五帝三王所以能畫法像而民不違,正己德而世自化也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5本訓:是故法令刑賞者,乃所以治民事而致整理爾,未足以興大化而升太平也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫欲歷三正之絕迹,臻帝、皇之極功者,必先原元而本本,興道而致和,以淳粹之氣,生敦龐之民,明德義之表,作信厚之心,然後化可美而功可成也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:53:48

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:50 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●德化</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1德化:人君之治,莫大於道,莫盛於德,莫美於教,莫神於化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>道者、所以持之也,德者、所以苞之也,教者、所以知之也,化者、所以致之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民有性,有情,有化,有俗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>情性者、心也,本也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>化俗者、行也,末也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>末生於本,行起於心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以上君撫世,先其本而後其末,慎其心而理其行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>心精苟亡,則姦匿所作,邪意無所載矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2德化:夫化變民心也,猶政變民體也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>德政加於民,則多滌暢姣好堅彊考壽;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡政加於民,則多罷癃尪病夭昏扎瘥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故《尚書》美「考終命」,而惡「凶短折」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>國有傷明之政,則民多病因;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有者,道之使也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>必有其根,其氣乃生;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>必有其使,變化乃成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故道之為物也,至神以妙;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其為功也,至彊以大。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天之以動,地之以靜,日之以光,月之以明,四時五行,鬼神人民,億兆醜類,變異吉凶,何非氣然?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3德化:及其乖戾,天之尊也氣裂,地之大也氣動,山之重也氣徙,水之流也氣絕之,日月神也氣蝕之,星辰虛也氣隕之,旦有晝晦,宵有,大風飛車拔樹,僨電為冰,溫泉成湯,麟龍鸞鳳,蝥蠈蝝蝗,莫不氣之所為也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以此觀之,氣運感動,亦誠大矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>變化之為,何物不能?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4德化:是故上聖故不務治民事而務治民心,故曰:「聽訟,吾猶人也。</STRONG><STRONG>必也使無訟乎!」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「導之以德,齊之以禮。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>務厚其情而明則務義,民親愛則無相害傷之意,動思義則無姦邪之心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫若此者,非律之所使也,非威刑之所彊也,此乃教化之所致。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5德化:國有傷聰之政,則民多病身;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有傷賢之政,則賢多橫夭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫形體骨幹為堅彊也,然猶隨政變易,又況乎心氣精微不可養哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》云:「敦彼行葦,羊牛勿踐履。</STRONG><STRONG>方苞方體,惟葉握握。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰:「鳶飛厲天,魚躍于淵。</STRONG><STRONG>愷悌君子,胡不作人?」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公劉厚德,恩及草木,羊牛六畜,且猶感德。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6德化:消息於心,己之所無,不以責下,我之所有,不以譏彼;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>感己之好敬也,故接士以禮,感己之好愛也,故遇人有恩;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「己欲立而立人,己欲達而達人」;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>善人之憂我也,故先勞人,惡人之忘我也,故常念人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡品則不然,論人不恕己,動作不思心;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>無之己而責之人,有之我而譏之彼;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>己無禮而責人敬,己無恩而責人愛;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貧賤則非人之不我憂也,富貴則是我之不憂人也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>行己若此,難以稱仁矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7德化:所謂平者,內懷尸鳩之恩,外執砥矢之心;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>論士必定於志行,毀譽必參於效驗;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不隨俗而雷同,不逐聲而寄論;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟善所在,不譏貧賤,苟惡所錯,不忌富貴;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不謟上而慢下,不猒故而敬新。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡品則不然,內偏頗於妻子,外僭惑於知友;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得則譽之,怨則謗之;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>平議無惇均,譏譽無效驗;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苟阿貴以比黨,苟剽聲以群吠;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事富貴如奴僕,視貧賤如傭客;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百至秉權之門,而不一至無勢之家。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>執心若此,難以稱義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8德化:所謂恭者,內不敢傲於室家,外不敢慢於士大夫;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見賤如貴,視少如長;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其禮先入,其言後出;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>恩意無不荅,禮敬無不報;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>覩賢不居其上,與人推讓;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事處其勞,居從其德,位安其卑,養甘其薄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡品則不然,內慢易於妻子,外輕侮於知友;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聰明不別真偽,心思不別善醜;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>愚而喜傲賢,少而好陵長;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>恩意不相荅,禮敬不相報;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>覩賢不相推,會同不能讓;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>動欲擇其佚,居欲處其安,養欲擅其厚,位欲爭其尊;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見人謙讓,因而嗤之;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>見人恭敬,因而傲之,如是而自謂賢能智慧。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為行如此,難以稱忠。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9德化:所謂守者,心也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有度之士,情意精專,心思獨覩,不驅於險墟之俗,不惑於眾多之口;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聰明懸絕,秉心塞淵,獨立不懼,遯世無悶,心堅金石,志輕四海,故守其心而成其信。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡器則不然,內無持操,外無準儀;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傾側險詖,求同於心,口無定論,「不恆其德」,二三其行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>秉操如此,難以稱信。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10德化:夫是四行者,其輕如毛,其重如山,君子以為易,小人以為難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子曰:「仁遠乎哉?</STRONG><STRONG>我欲仁,仁斯至矣。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又稱「知德者尠」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俗之偏黨,自古而然,非乃今也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡百君子,競於驕僭,貪樂慢傲,如忠信未達,而為左右所掬按,當世而覆被,更為否愚惡狀之臣者,豈可勝哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孝成終沒之日,不知王章之直;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孝哀終沒之日,不知王嘉之忠也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此後賢雖有憂君哀主之情,忠誠正直之節,然猶且沈吟觀聽行己者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11德化:「鳴鶴在陰,其子和之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「相彼鳥矣,猶求。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仁不忍踐履生草,則又況於民萌而有不化者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君子脩其樂易之德,上及飛鳥,下及淵魚,不歡忻悅豫,則又況士庶而不仁者乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>12德化:聖深知之,皆務正己以為表,明禮義以為教,和德氣於未生之前,正表義於咳笑之後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民之胎也,合中和以成;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其生也,立方正以長。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以為仁義之心、廉恥之志,骨著脈通,與體俱生,而無麤穢之氣,無邪淫之欲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖放之大荒之外,措之幽冥之內,終無違禮之之行;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>投之危亡之地,納之鋒鍔之間,終無苟全之心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舉世之人,行皆若此,則又烏所得亡夫姦亂之民而加辟哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「上天之載,無馨無臭,儀形文王,萬邦作孚。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此姬氏所以崇美於前,而致刑錯於後。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>13德化:聖人其尊德禮而卑刑罰,故舜先勑契以敬敷五教,而後命皋陶以五刑三居。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故凡立法者,非以司民短而誅過誤,乃以防姦惡而救禍敗,撿淫邪而內正道爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>14德化:《詩》云:「民之秉夷,好是懿德。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故民有心也,猶為種之有園也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>遭和氣則秀茂而成實,遇水旱則枯槁而生孽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民蒙善化,則有士君子之心;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>被惡政,則人有懷姦亂之慮。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故善者之養天民也,猶良工為麴豉也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>起居以其時,寒溫得其適,則一蔭之麴豉盡美而多量。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其愚拙工,則一蔭之麴豉皆臭敗而棄損。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今六合亦由一蔭也,黔首之屬猶豆麥也,「變化云為」,在將者爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>遭良吏則皆懷忠信而履仁厚,遇惡吏則皆懷姦邪而行淺薄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>忠厚積則致太平,姦薄積則致危亡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以聖帝明王,皆敦德化而薄威刑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>德者、所以脩己也,威者、所以治人也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上智則下愚之民少,而中庸之民多。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中民之生世也,猶鑠金之在鑪也,從篤變化,唯冶所為,方圓薄厚,隨鎔制爾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>15德化:是故世之善否,俗之薄厚,皆在於君。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上聖和氣以化民心,正表儀以率群下,故能使民比屋可封,堯、舜是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其次躬道德而敦慈愛,美教訓而崇禮讓,故能使民無爭心而致刑錯,文、武是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其次明好惡而顯法禁,平賞罰而無阿私,故能使民辟姦邪而趨公正,理弱亂以致治彊,中興是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>治天下,身處汙而放情,怠民事而急酒樂,近頑童而遠賢才,親謟諛而踈正直,重賦稅以賞無功,妄加喜怒以傷無辜,故能亂其政以敗其民,弊其身以喪其國者,幽、厲是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>16德化:孔子曰:「三人行,必有我師焉。</STRONG><STRONG>擇其善者而從之,其不善者,我則改之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《詩》美「宜鑒于殷」,「自求多福」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故世主誠能使六合之內,舉世之人,咸懷方厚之情,而無淺薄之惡,各奉公政之心,而無姦陬之慮,則羲、農之俗,復見于茲,麟龍鸞鳳,復畜于郊矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:54:01

本帖最後由 楊籍富 於 2013-3-9 07:52 編輯 <br /><br /><P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●五德志</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;
<P><STRONG>1五德志:「自古在昔」,天地開闢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三皇迭制,各樹號謚,以紀其世。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天命五代,正朔三復。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>神明感生,愛興有國。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亡于嫚以,滅於積惡。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>神微精以,天命罔極。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或皇馮依,或繼體育。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>太曎以前尚矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>迪斯用來,頗可紀錄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖一精思,議而復誤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故撰古訓,著《五德志》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2五德志:世傳三皇五帝,多以為伏羲、神農為三皇;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其一者或曰燧人,或曰祝融,或曰女媧。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其是與非,未可知也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>我聞古有天皇、地皇、人皇,以為或及此謂,亦不敢明。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡斯數,其於五經,皆無正文。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故略依《易繫》,記伏羲以來,以遺後賢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖多未必獲正,然罕可以浮游博觀,共求厥真。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3五德志:大人迹出雷澤,華胥履之生伏羲。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其相日角,世號太曎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>都于陳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其德木,以龍紀,故為龍師而龍名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作八卦,結繩為網以漁。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4五德志:後嗣帝嚳,代顓頊氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其相戴十,其號高辛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>厥質神靈,德行祇肅,迎逆日月,順天之則,能敘三辰以周民。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂《六英》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世有才子八人:伯奮、仲堪、叔獻、季仲、伯虎、仲雄、叔豹、季狸,忠肅恭懿,宣慈惠和,天下之人謂之八元。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5五德志:後嗣姜嫄,履大人迹生姬棄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>厥相披頤。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為堯司徒,又主播種,農植嘉穀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>堯遭水災,萬民以濟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故舜命曰后稷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>初,烈山氏之有天下也,其子曰柱,能植百穀,故立以為稷,自夏以上祀之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周之興也,以棄代之,至今祀之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6五德志:大妊夢長人感己,生文王。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>厥相四乳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為西伯,興於岐。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>斷虞、芮之訟而始受命。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>武王駢齒,勝殷遏劉,成周道。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>姬之別封眾多,管、蔡、成、霍、魯、衛、毛、聃、郜、雍、曹、滕、畢、原、酆、郇,文之昭也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>邘、晉、應、韓,武之穆也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡、蔣、邢、茆、祚、祭,周公之胤也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周、召、虢、吳、隨、邠、方、卬、自、潘、養、滑、鎬、宮、密、榮、丹、郭、楊、逄、管、唐、韓、楊、觚,欒、甘、鱗虞、王氏,皆姬姓也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7五德志:有神龍首出常,感妊姒,生赤帝魁隗。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>身號炎帝,世號神農,代伏羲氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其德火紀,故為火師而火名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是以斲木為耜,揉木為耒耨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>日中為市,致天下之民,聚天下之貨,交易而退,各得其所。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8五德志:後嗣慶都,與龍合婚,生伊堯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>代高辛氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其眉八彩。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世號唐。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂《大章》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>始禪位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>武王克殷,而封其冑於鑄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9五德志:含始吞赤珠,剋曰「玉英生漢」,龍感女媼,劉季興。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10五德志:大電繞樞炤野,感符寶,生黃帝軒轅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>代炎帝氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其相龍顏,其德土行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以雲紀,故為雲師而雲名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂《咸池》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是始制衣裳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11五德志:後嗣握登,見大虹,意感生重華虞舜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其目重瞳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>事堯,堯乃禪位曰:「格爾舜!</STRONG><STRONG>天之曆數在爾躬。</STRONG><STRONG>允執厥中,四海困窮,天祿永終。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃受終于文祖。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>也號有虞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂《九韶》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>禪位於禹。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>武王克殷,而封胡公媯滿於陳,庸以元女大姬。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>12五德志:大星如虹,下流華渚,女節萬接,生白帝摯青陽。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世號少曎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>代黃帝氏,都于曲阜。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其德金行。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其立也,鳳皇適至,故紀於鳥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>鳳氏、曆正也,玄鳥氏、司分者也,伯趙氏、司至者也,青鳥氏、司啟者也,丹鳥氏、司閉者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>祝鳩氏、司徒也,雎鳩氏、司馬也,尸鳩氏、司空也,爽鳩氏、司寇也,鶻鳩氏、司事也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五鳩、鳩民者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>五雉為五工正,利器用,夷民者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>是故作書契,「百官以治,萬民以察。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>有才子四人,曰重,曰該,曰脩,曰熙,實能金木及水,故重為勾芒,該為蓐收,脩及熙為玄冥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>恪恭厥業,世不失職,遂濟窮桑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>13五德志:後嗣脩紀,見流星,意感生白帝文命我禹。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其耳參漏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>為堯司空,主平水土,命山川,畫九州,制九貢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>功成,賜玄珪,以告勳于天。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>舜乃禪位,命如堯詔,禹乃即位。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>作樂《大夏》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>世號夏后。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>14五德志:傳嗣子啟。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>啟子太康、仲康更立。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>兄弟五人,皆有昏德,不堪帝事,降須洛汭,是謂五觀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>15五德志:孫相嗣位,夏道浸衰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>於是后羿自鉏遷于窮石,因夏民以代夏政,滅相。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>妃后緡方娠,逃出自竇,奔于有仍,生少康焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>仍妃牧正。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>16五德志:羿恃己射也,不脩民事,而淫于原獸;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>棄武羅、伯因、熊髡、尨圉,而用寒浞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>浞、柏明氏讒子弟也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>柏明氏惡而棄之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夷羿收之,信而使之,以為己相。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>浞行媚于內,施賂于外,愚弄于民,虞羿于田,樹之詐匿,以取其國家,外內咸服。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>羿猶不悛,將歸自田,家眾殺而烹之,以食其子,子不忍食諸,死于窮門。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>17五德志:靡奔于有鬲氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>浞因羿室生澆及</STRONG></P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:54:15

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●志氏姓</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1志氏姓:昔者聖王觀象於乾坤,考度於神明,探命曆之去就,省群后之德業,而賜姓命氏,因彰德功。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傳稱氏之徹官百,王公之子第千世能聽其官者,而物賜之姓,是謂百姓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>姓有徹品,於王謂之千品。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昔堯賜契姓,姬;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賜禹姓姒,氏曰有夏;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伯夷為姜,氏曰有呂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>下及三代,官有世功,則有官族,邑亦如之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>後世微末,因是以為姓,則不能故也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故或傳本姓,或氏號邑謚,或氏於,爵,或氏於志,若夫五帝三王之世,所謂號也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>文、武、昭、景、成、宣、戴、桓,所謂謚也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>齊、魯、吳、楚、秦、晉、燕、趙,所謂國也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>王氏、侯氏、王孫、公孫,所謂爵也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>司馬、司徒、中行、下軍,所謂官也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>伯有、孟孫、子服、叔子,所謂字也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>巫氏、匠氏、陶氏,所謂事也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>東門、西門、南宮、東郭、北郭,所謂居也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>三烏、五鹿、青牛、白馬,所謂志也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡厥姓氏,皆出屬而不可勝紀也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2志氏姓:衛侯滅邢,昭公娶同姓,言皆同祖也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>近古以來,則不必然。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古之賜姓,大諦可用,其餘則難。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>周室衰微,吳、楚僭號,下歷七國,咸各稱王。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故王氏、王孫氏、公孫氏及謚氏官,國自有之,千八百國,謚官萬數,故元不可同也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>及孫氏者,或王孫之班也,或諸孫之班也,故同祖而異姓,有同姓而異祖。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>亦有雜錯,變而相入,或從母姓,或避怨讎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫吹律定姓,唯聖能之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今民散久,鮮克遠音律。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天主尊正其祖。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故且略紀顯者,以待士合揖損焉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3志氏姓:伏羲姓風,其後封任、宿、須朐、顓臾四國,實司太曎與有濟之祀,且為東蒙主。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>魯僖公母成風,蓋須朐之女也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>季氏欲伐顓臾,而孔子譏之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4志氏姓:炎帝苖冑,四嶽伯夷,為堯典禮,「折民惟刑」,以封申、呂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>裔生尚,為文王師,克殷而封之齊,或封許、向,或封於紀,或封於申。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>城在南陽宛北序山之下,故《詩》云:「亹亹申伯,王薦之事,于邑于序,南國為式。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宛西三十里有呂望。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>許在潁川,今許縣是也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>姜戎居伊、洛之間,晉惠公徙置陸渾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>州、薄、甘、戲、露、帖,及齊之國氏、高氏、襄、隰氏、士氏強氏、東郭氏、雍門氏、子雅氏、子尾氏、子襄氏、子淵氏、子乾氏、公旗氏、翰公氏、賀氏、盧氏,皆姜姓也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5志氏姓:黃帝之子二十五人,班為十二:姬、酉、祁、己、勝、蔵、伾、拘、釐、姞、衣氏也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當春秋,晉有祁奚,舉子薦讎,以忠直著。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莒子姓己氏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夏之興,有任奚為夏車正,以封於薛,後遷于祁,其嗣仲

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-9 06:54:29

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>潛夫論●敘錄</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>&nbsp;<P><STRONG>1敘錄:夫生於當世,貴能成大功,太上有立德,其下有立言。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>闒茸而不才,先器能當官,未嘗服斯伇,無所效其勛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中心時有感,援筆紀數文,字以綴愚情,財令不忽忘。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>芻蕘雖微陋,先聖亦咨詢。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>草創敘先賢,三十六篇,以繼前訓,左丘明《五經》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2敘錄:先聖遺業,莫大教訓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>博學多識,疑則思間。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>智明所成,德義所建。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>夫子好學,「誨人不倦。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《讚學》第一。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>3敘錄:凡士之學,貴本賤末。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大人不華,君子務寔。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>禮雖媒紹,必載於贄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>時俗趨末,懼毀術。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《務本》第二。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>4敘錄:人皆智德,苦為利昏。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>行汙求榮,戴盆望天。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「為仁不富,為富不仁。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將修德行,必慎其原。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《遏利》第三。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>5敘錄:世不識論,以士卒化,弗問志行,官爵是紀。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不義富貴,仲尼所恥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傷俗陵遲,遂遠聖述。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《論榮》第四。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>6敘錄:惟賢所苦,察妬所患,皆嫉過己,以為深怨。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或因類舋,或空造端。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>痛君不察,而信讒言。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《賢難》第五。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>7敘錄:原明所起,述暗所生,距諫所敗,禍亂所成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>當塗之人,成欲專君,壅蔽賢士,以擅主權。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《明暗》第六。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>8敘錄:上覽先王,所以致太平,考績黜陟,著在《五經》。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>罰賞之寔,不以虛名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>明豫德音,焉問揚庭。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《考績》第七。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>9敘錄:人君選士,咸求賢能。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>君司貢薦,競進下材。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「憎是掊克」,何官能治?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>買藥得鴈,難以為醫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《思賢》第八。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>10敘錄:原本天人,參連相因,致和平機,述在於君,奉法選賢,國自我身。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>姦門竊位,將誰督察?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《本政》第九。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>11敘錄:覽觀古今,爰暨書傳,君皆欲治,臣恆樂亂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>忠佞溷淆,各以類進,常若不明,而信姦論。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《潛歎》第十。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>12敘錄:夫位以德興,德貴忠立,社稷所賴,安危是繫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非夫讜直貞亮,仁慈惠和,事君如天,視民如子,則莫保爵位,而全令名。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《忠貴》第十一。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>13敘錄:先王理財,「禁民為非。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《洪範》憂民,《詩》刺末資。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>浮偽者眾,本農必衰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>節以制度,如何弗議?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《浮侈》第十二。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>14敘錄:積微傷行,懷安敗名,明莫恣欲,而無悛容。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>足以愎諫,聞善不從。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>微安召辱,終必有凶。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《慎微》第十三。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>15敘錄:明主思良,勞精賢知。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>百寮阿黨,不覈真偽,苟崇虛譽,以相誑曜,居官任職,則無功效。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《寔貢》第十四。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>16敘錄:聖人養賢,以及萬民。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先王之制,皆足代耕。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>增爵損祿,必程以傾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>先益吏俸,乃可致平。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《班祿》第十五。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>17敘錄:君憂臣勞,古今通義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>上思致平,下宜竭惠。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>貞良信士,咸痛數赦。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>姦宄繁興,但以赦故。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>乃敘《述赦》第十六。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>18敘錄:先王御世,兼秉威德,賞有建侯,罰有刑渥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>賞重嚴禁,臣乃敬職。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將脩太平,必媚此法。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《三式》第十七。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>19敘錄:民為國基,穀為民命。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>日力不暇,穀何由盛?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>公卿師尹,「卒勞百姓」,輕奪民時,誠可憤諍!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《愛日》第十八。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>20敘錄:觀吏所治,鬭訟居多。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>原禍所起,詐欺所為。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將絕其末,必塞其原。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>民無欺紿,世乃平安。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《斷訟》第十九。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>21敘錄:五帝三王,優劣有情。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖欲超皇,當先致平。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「必世後仁」,仲尼之經。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>遭衰姦牧,得不用刑?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《衰制》第二十。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>22敘錄:聖王憂勸,選練將帥,授以鈇鉞,假以權貴。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>誠多蔽暗,不識變勢,賞罰不明,安得不敗?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《勸將》第二十一。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>23敘錄:蠻夷猾夏,古今所患。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>堯、舜憂民,皋陶術叛;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宣王中興,南仲征邊。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今民日死,如何弗蕃?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《救邊》第二十二。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>24敘錄:凡民之情,與君殊戾,不能遠慮,督取一制,苟扶私議,以為國計。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>宜尋其言,以詰所謂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《邊議》第二十三。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>25敘錄:邊既遠門,太守擅權。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>臺閣不察,信其姦言,今懷郡縣,毆民內遷。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今又丘荒,慮必生心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《寔邊》第二十四。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>26敘錄:天生神物,「聖人則之。」</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蓍龜卜筮,以定嫌疑。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俗工淺源,莫盡其才。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自大非賢,何足信哉?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《卜列》第二十五。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>27敘錄:《易》有史巫,《詩》有工祝。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人先成,民後致力。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>兆黎勸樂,神乃授福。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>孔子不祈,以明在德。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《巫列》第二十六。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>28敘錄:五行八卦,陰陽所生,稟氣薄厚,以著其形。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>天題厥象,人寔奉成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>弗修其行,福祿不臻。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《相列》第二十七。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>29敘錄:《詩》稱吉夢,書傳亦多,觀察行事,古驗不虛。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>福從善來,禍由德痡,吉凶之應,與行相須。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《夢列》第二十八。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>30敘錄:論難撗發,令道不通。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>後進疑惑,不知所從。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>自昔庚子,而有責云。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「予豈好辯」?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>將以明真。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《釋難》第二十九。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>31敘錄:朋友之際,義存六紀,「攝以威儀」,講習王道,善其久要,貴賤不改。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今民遷久,莫之能奉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《交際》第三十。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>32敘錄:君有美稱,臣有令名,二人同心,所願乃成。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>寶權神術,勾示下情,治勢一定,終莫能傾。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《明忠》第三十一。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>33敘錄:人天情通,氣感相和,善惡相徵,異端變化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>聖人運之,若御舟車,作民精神,莫能含嘉。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《本訓》第三十二。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>34敘錄:明王統治,莫大身化,道德為本,仁義為佐。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>思心順政,責民務廣,四海治焉,何有消長?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《德化》第三十三。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>35敘錄:上觀太古,五行之運,咨之《詩》、《書》,考之前訓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>氣終度盡,後代復進。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雖未必正,可依傳問。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《五德志》第三十四。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>36敘錄:君子多識,「前言往行」。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>「類族變物」,古有斯姓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>博見同□□□□□□□□□□□□□。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>故敘《志民姓》第三十五。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>

楊籍富 發表於 2013-3-10 17:43:10

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