楊籍富 發表於 2013-1-14 09:19:02

【醫學百科●小龍膽草】

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>醫學百科●小龍膽草</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>拼音</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>xiǎolóngdǎncǎo</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>出處</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>出自《云南中草藥》</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>拼音名</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>XiǎoLónɡDǎnCǎo</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>別名</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>青魚膽草、雪里梅、小內消、細龍膽、鳳凰花、小雪里梅、寒風草、小青魚膽、小酒藥花根、星秀花、血龍膽、青魚膽、疔藥、小龍膽、傍雪開、龍膽草、膽草、穿山七、九月花、草龍膽</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>來源</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>藥材基源:為龍膽科植物紅花龍膽的根及全草。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>拉丁植物動物礦物名:GentianarhodanthaFranch.exHem-sl.采收和儲藏:夏、秋季采收,洗凈,鮮用或曬干。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>原形態</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>多年生草本,高20-50cm。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>根數條從生,稍肉質。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莖直立,數個叢生,基部略呈方形,紫色或綠色,節稍膨大。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>基生葉呈蓮座狀,橢圓形、倒卵形或卵形;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莖生葉對生,幾無柄;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>葉片革質,卵狀三角形,長1.5-2.5cm,寬0.8-1.2cm,先端漸尖或急尖,基部多少抱莖,邊緣具細鋸齒,兩面無毛;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>具3出脈。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>花單生于枝頂或葉腋,無花梗;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>花萼筒狀,膜質,簡長7-13mm,脈具狹翅,花萼5裂,裂片線狀披針形;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>花冠淡紅色,帶紫色條紋,長3-4.5cm,5裂,裂片卵形或卵狀三角形,褶不對稱,寬三角形,先端具細長的流蘇;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>雄蕊5,著生于花冠筒下部,花絲絲狀,長短不等,花藥橢圓形;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>于房橢圓形,長約1cm,柄長4-5mm,花柱絲狀,柱頭2裂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蒴果內藏或僅先端外露,長橢圓形,長2-2.5cm,果柄長約2cm。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>種了淡褐色,近圓形,具狹翅。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>花、果期10月至翌年2月。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>生境分布</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>生態環境:生于海拔500-1800m的高山灌叢中,或林邊草地。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>資源分布:分布于西南及陜西、甘肅、河南、湖北、廣西等地。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>性狀</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>性狀鑒別全草長30-80cm。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>細根表面棕褐色,可見栓皮樣剝落,質脆,易折斷,斷面中央有黃白色木心。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莖具棱,直徑1-2mm,節間長1.5-5.5cm,基部表面紫棕色,向上棕綠色至淡黃綠色,質脆,易折斷,斷面中空,髓腔周圍可見白色髓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>葉對生,脫落或皺縮,展平后呈卵形或卵狀三角形,邊緣具不整齊細鋸齒,上面發綠色或黃綠色,下面淺黃綠色。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>花單生于枝端或上部葉腋,花冠淡紫色或淺黃棕色,有紫色條紋。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>果實狹長,2瓣裂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>氣香,味苦。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>顯微鑒別很橫切面:外皮層及內皮層薄壁組織均已脫落。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>最外為內皮層,每一內皮層母細胞內含數個至10多個子細胞。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>韌皮部較寬廣,外側薄壁細胞大,含油滴及淀粉粒;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內側細胞小,多皺縮;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>徑向散列少數篩管群。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>形成層不明顯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>木質部導管單個或數個成群,徑向排列,木纖維發達,壁厚,木化。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中央無髓。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>莖橫切面:類方形,角隅處有棱翅,表皮細胞外被角質層。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>皮層狹窄,內皮層凱氏點明顯,中柱鞘1列細胞,維管束雙韌型。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外側韌皮部狹窄。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>形成層不明顯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>木質部寬廣,木纖維發達,壁厚,木化,排列緊密;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>導管多角形。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內側韌皮部明顯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中央有髓髓腔。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>葉橫切面:上、下表皮細胞各1列,外被角質層,具鋸齒樣小突起。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>柵欄組織細胞2列,海綿組織細胞排列疏松。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中脈明顯向下突出,維管束雙韌形。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>葉表面觀:上表皮細胞垂周壁波狀彎曲,細胞中央有短小的乳頭狀突起,向外分散有明顯的角質層紋理。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>下表皮細胞垂周壁深波狀彎曲,具角質層紋理,氣孔較多,不等式。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>化學成份</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>全草含正三十一烷(n-hentriacontane),正三十二烷酸乙酯(n-dotriacontanoicacidethylester),正三十二烷酸(n-dotriacontanoicacid),&beta;-谷甾醇(&beta;-sitosterol);</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>另含有當藥苦甙(swertiamarin),金吉甙(kingiside),當藥甙(sweroside),8-表金吉甙(8-epikingiside),紅花龍膽種甙(rhodenthoside)A[2],齊墩果酸(oleanolicacid)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>性味</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>苦;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>性寒</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>歸經</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>心;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>肺;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>胃;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大腸經</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>功能主治</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>清熱利濕;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>涼血解毒。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>主肺熱咳喘;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>癆嗽痰血;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>黃疸;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>痢疾;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>便血;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小便不利;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>產褥熱;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>小兒驚風;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>疳積;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>瘡瘍腫毒;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>燒燙傷;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蛇咬傷</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>用法用量</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內服:煎湯,10~15g。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外用:適量,搗敷;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>或膏外涂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>各家論述</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>1.《云南中草藥》:消炎止咳。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>治肺結核,淋巴結核,支氣管哮喘,實熱喘咳,小便不利,小兒疳積,火眼,黃疸型肝炎。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>2.南川《常用中草藥手冊》:清熱,除濕,解毒,止痛,健胃。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>治藥毒,發痧肚痛,腰痛,子宮內膜炎,黃疸,胃痛,消化不良。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>摘錄</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>《中華本草》</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P><P><STRONG>引用:http://big5.wiki8.com/xiaolongdancao_80652/</STRONG></P>
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