wzy_79 發表於 2012-9-5 20:48:48

【廣泛性焦慮症】

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>廣泛性焦慮症</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG><FONT size=5>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></STRONG></P>
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<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">&nbsp; </STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: fuchsia; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT color=blue size=5><STRONG>細說廣泛性焦慮症</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">文</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">陳俊欽</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>我是神經病。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">她苦笑地這麼說。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">出門怕,在家怕,看電視怕,洗澡怕,連睡覺也會怕。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">怕些什麼?</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">不知道。就是怕。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>整天冷汗直流、不住發抖、心臟怦怦直跳,頭痛的要命,吃藥也沒用。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>只覺好累好累,一點體力也沒有,睡覺也睡不著,一點聲音就醒來。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>胃口越來越差,吃一點東西就想吐,還常常跑廁所,不管吃什麼都拉。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">手腳冰的像僵屍,連頭髮也一直掉。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>是不是得了癌症?</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">她越想越害怕。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>到了診所看幾次,醫師都說小感冒,她不放心,又到大醫院掛診。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">血抽了、尿驗了、</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">X</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">光照了、心電圖量了,通通正常。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">醫師大手一揮,笑著說:「沒病!是你神經過敏!別擔心了,回家好好睡個覺,就沒事了。」</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>可是症狀持續著。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">她依然緊張兮兮,沒辦法放鬆,整天坐立難安,注意力好差,出個門掉東掉西,記憶力也越來越差,老闆交代的事,轉瞬間就忘掉了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">一直有一天,有位 家醫科 醫師建議她看精神科,經過醫師診治,她才明白:自己得了廣泛性焦慮症。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>她更焦慮了。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症?</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">這又是什麼病呢?</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>一、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">什麼是廣泛性焦慮症?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症,顧名思義,就是一種以焦慮為主的疾病。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>跟恐慌症、畏懼症、強迫症等其他焦慮症不同的是:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症的焦慮是持續而廣泛地存在的,患者至少在六個月內,幾乎每天都會過度焦慮、或過度憂慮某些事。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>這樣的憂慮是難以抑遏、無法控制的,往往會伴隨著許多身體上症狀,諸如:肌肉緊繃、坐立難安、失眠、冒汗、呼吸急促、腹瀉等等。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>值得注意的是:倘若這些症狀是藥物或其他疾病造成的,譬如喝太多咖啡、或者吸食安非它命而引發焦慮,那就不能算是廣泛性焦慮症。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">  患者有如驚弓之鳥,坐立難安,可想而知,日常生活一定會大受影響,甚至連工作也做不下去。不只患者受苦,有時連家人也會飽受其害。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>二、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症會有哪些症狀?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症的主要症狀便是焦慮、肌肉緊繃、交感神經過度興奮、認知功能障礙。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>焦慮是一種模糊的情緒,讓我們感到不舒服,卻又難以明白指出哪邊不對勁。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>過度的焦慮會讓我們的表現變差,無法在各種社會情境中扮演好自己的角色,嚴重影響生活。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">肌肉緊繃會帶來坐立難安、頭痛、四肢酸痛的症狀。患者常會感到頭痛欲裂、渾身不對勁。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>交感神經過度興奮,大量的正腎上腺素與腎上腺素進入血液,會讓心跳變快、呼吸急促、心悸、冒汗、腹部不適、噁心嘔吐腹瀉。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">認知功能障礙主要是暴躁易怒、無法放鬆、注意力下降、記憶力減退。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">患者長期受焦慮之苦,卻很少有人會到精神科求診,通常輾轉於各科門診之間,做過各種檢查,卻始終得不到正確的醫治。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>三、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">哪些人可能罹患廣泛性焦慮症呢?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症是一種很常見的疾病,盛行率高達</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">3~8%</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>患者以女性居多,人數約為男性患者的一倍。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">但嚴重到必須住院者,男女比例則相當。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症很常併發其他精神疾病,諸如社交畏懼症、特定畏懼症、恐慌症或憂鬱症,據統計,約有</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">50~90%</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">的廣泛性焦慮症患者同時合併有其他精神方面的疾病。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">患者通常發病於二十多歲,但只有三分之一的病人願意來看精神科,而且往往是患者已經困擾多時後,才會來精神科求助。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>四、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">為什麼會罹患廣泛性焦慮症呢?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>何以一個常見的焦慮會演變到疾病的程度呢?</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>這是精神醫學家一直想了解的事。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">可惜,到目前為止原因不明。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>一些跡象顯示:所謂廣泛性焦慮症根本不是一種疾病,相反的,它是有許多相似的疾病組成的。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">換句話說:這類疾病都會造成焦慮,讓人們飽受焦慮之苦,而現在的醫學無法將這幾類疾病區分出來,所以只能歸成「廣泛性焦慮症」這一大類。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">由於遺傳研究發現:患者的一等親裡頭,同樣罹患廣泛性焦慮症的機率機率高達</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">25%</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">,遠高於一般人,這顯示廣泛性焦慮症有遺傳的傾向,而同卵雙胞胎裡頭,一位罹患,另一位也罹患的機率高達</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">50%</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">,超過異卵雙胞胎的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">15%</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">,這更加顯示問題是來自生理的遺傳,而非生活環境的影響。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>(同卵異卵的差異在於基因,而非生長環境。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">由於研究結果發現,同卵異卵之間差異高達三倍以上,這顯示差異應該是來自於基因,而非生長背景)</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>可想而知,人們會推論廣泛性焦慮症會不會是腦部的生理起了什麼樣的病變造成的。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">至今,我們已經知道:</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">GABA</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">系統的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">以及</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Serotonin</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">系統的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Buspirone</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">這兩類藥對於治療廣泛性焦慮症頗有效。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">這似乎暗示:腦中的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">GABA</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">跟</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">Serotonin</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">兩個神經傳導系統可能跟廣泛性焦慮有關。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">由於</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">接受器多半存在於腦部枕葉(在後腦的部位),所以目前研究以枕葉研究居多;</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">而管理情緒的腦部組織,如基底核、邊緣系統、與管理認知的額葉(在腦的前半部),也是目前研究的重心。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>其他研究者則使用影像技術來探索腦部,只有一個研究顯示:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>患者的基底核部位有代謝下降的異常現象。而腦波檢查也有異常。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">只是可惜,到目前為止,都只是推論,沒有一個研究能夠證實廣泛性焦慮症的真正病因。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>心理學則提供另外的一種思考方向。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>從認知行為理論來看:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症之所以會發生,就是人們的錯誤認知所致:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>人們只看負面的消息,忽視正面的訊息,貶低自己解決問題的能力,高估問題的嚴重性,在經過制約反應,日常生活中每件事都變成了具有誘發焦慮的「線索」,患者自然長期處於驚恐狀態。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">而精神動力學說則相信:這樣的焦慮來自內在衝突,患者因為衝突過大,而自我又無法解決,只能讓龐大的焦慮流入意識,自然造成廣泛性焦慮症。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>五、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">怎樣才能診斷為廣泛性焦慮症?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症跟恐慌症、畏懼症不同的是:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症沒有其他疾病的特異病徵──諸如迅速的恐慌發作、特別畏懼某物等──廣泛性焦慮的症狀是很常見的,就只有焦慮而已。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">所以在診斷上,要特別注意:患者的焦慮是否已經到病態的程度,千萬不要把一個正常的焦慮反應視為病態,否則,我們只是在亂貼標籤而已。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">根據第四版診斷與統計手冊的規定,要診斷為廣泛性焦慮症得符合下列幾點:</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">1. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">在六個月裡頭,大多數得日子裡,都有過度焦慮與過度憂慮某事的現象。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">2. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">患者自覺已經無法控制自己的焦慮</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">焦慮跟憂慮會伴隨著下列症狀中的至少三項:</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">A. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">坐立難安</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">B. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">容易疲倦</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">C. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">無法集中注意力、腦袋一片空白</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">D. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">暴躁易怒</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">E. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">肌肉緊繃</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">   </SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">F. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">睡眠障礙(無法入睡、或者無法熟睡)</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">4. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">患者的症狀不能單用其他精神疾病就可以解釋</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">5. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">焦慮、憂慮、以其伴隨的身體症狀已經嚴重到影響患者的日常生活、人際關係、職業功能</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"></SPAN><STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">6. </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">這類症狀不是因為藥物(如使用安非它命等)或身體疾病(如甲狀腺功能亢進)所造成的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>由於太多種疾病都會出現焦慮的症狀,所以診斷時得確實分清楚,不要把別的病誤診為廣泛性焦慮症。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>最常發生混淆的疾病是:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">其他焦慮症(恐慌症、畏懼症、強迫症、創傷後壓力疾患)、重度憂鬱症、慮病症、成人注意力缺損過動症、身體化疾患、與人格障礙症。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>六、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症該怎樣治療?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">對於廣泛性焦慮症最有效的治療是合併藥物與心理治療。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">在心理治療部份:最常使用的是認知行為療法、支持性療法、與精神分析。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">支持性心理治療可以透過同理心的運用、接納患者的痛苦,幫助患者放輕鬆,讓患者感到安心,但長期療效則很令人懷疑,必須透過認知行為療法的各種技術,包括放鬆訓練、生理回饋等等,才能達成長期的療效。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">治療者必須協助患者找出誘發他焦慮的事物,諸如忙碌的工作環境、吵鬧不休的小孩、惡劣的睡眠環境、大量使用咖啡或安非它命等,並試著解決這類焦慮誘發的事物──能避免的,就避免,不能避免的,就設法改變之。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>精神分析理論者則不強調焦慮的減低,它著重於人們抗壓能力的提升。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">精神分析理論者會協助患者使用較有效的心理防衛機轉與調適策略,讓患者可以有效的面對壓力、調適自己。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>除了心理治療。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>還可以使用藥物治療。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">雖然說:藥物治療的見效速度快,但由於廣泛性焦慮症的症狀是長期存在的,所以有可能造成長期使用藥物後的成癮問題。這點得特別注意。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">一般而言,見效最快、也最被廣泛使用的是</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>這類藥物普遍被用於焦慮的減低。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>它對於七成的患者有不錯的療效。但它也有最大的副作用:成癮問題。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>因此,在使用的時候,得作好通盤的規劃:</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>先設定治療目標、欲治療的症狀,然後給藥,劑量最好維持在「有效的最低劑量」,療程約莫兩週到六週,然後花一、兩週時間緩慢減藥(不能突然停藥、會有戒斷症狀,疾病復發的機率也會大幅上升)。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>必須提醒患者:使用這類藥物可能會讓專注力下降,必須避免操作機器或開車。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>此外,隨時注意治療目標與治療狀況是否已經改變,倘若是,則得修正治療的方向。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">在藥物選擇上,藥效太長的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">有藥物殘留的危險,藥效太短會增加成癮的危險,所以,最常使用的是中效的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">,以作用時間</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">8~15</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">小時的最適合。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">除了</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">,還可以用血清素作用藥來治療。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">常見的有</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">buspirone</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">與</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">SSRI</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">(特異性血清素再吸收抑制劑),療效可以高達八成,長期使用下,也不會有藥物成癮的危險,只可惜見效太慢,一般得花三個禮拜才會有效。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">所以,目前普遍的變通做法是:合併</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">跟血清素作用藥一起使用,前者見效快,有成癮危險;後者見效慢,卻沒有成癮危險。</SPAN></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">先讓</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">發揮效果,等到血清素作用藥也開始生效時,就把</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">BZD</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">減量下來。如此,效果既快,又不會有成癮的危險。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><FONT size=5>七、</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">廣泛性焦慮症的預後怎樣?</SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>由於廣泛性焦慮症很容易合併其他疾病,所以預後差異很大,不容易預測病程的演進。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>廣泛性焦慮症可能一直持續下去,變成終身性的慢性疾病,也可能演變成其他疾病,諸如恐慌症等等的。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>據統計,約有四分之一的廣泛性焦慮症患者最後出現恐慌症的症狀來。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體">演變成重度憂鬱症的人也不少。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></STRONG></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>  </STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體"><STRONG>及早接受治療,將可改善這狀況,減低併發其他疾病的機率。</STRONG></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>引用:</STRONG><A href="http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/free99-sky/article?mid=4493&amp;prev=4512&amp;l=f&amp;fid=17"><FONT color=#0000ff><STRONG><SPAN class=t_tag href="tag.php?name=http">http</SPAN>://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/free99-sky/<SPAN class=t_tag href="tag.php?name=article">article</SPAN>?mid=4493&amp;prev=4512&amp;l=f&amp;fid=17</STRONG></FONT></A></P>
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