ljx0012無知 發表於 2012-8-22 09:19:40

【本草備要-人參】

<P align=center><STRONG><FONT size=5>【<FONT color=red>本草備要-人參</FONT>】</FONT></STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG><BR>草部·人參<BR>  </STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>大補元氣,瀉火<BR>  </STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>生甘苦微涼(甘補陽,微苦微寒,又能補陰)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>熟甘溫。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大補肺中元氣(東坦曰∶肺主氣,肺氣旺,則四臟之氣皆旺,精自生而形自盛。十劑曰補可去弱,人參羊肉之屬是也。人參補氣,羊肉補形),</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>瀉火(得升麻補上焦,瀉肺火;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得茯苓補下焦,瀉腎火;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得麥冬瀉火而生脈;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>得黃、甘草,乃甘溫退大熱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>東垣曰∶人參、甘草,瀉火之聖藥,合用名黃湯。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>按煩勞則虛而生熱,得甘溫以益元氣,而邪熱自退,故亦謂之瀉)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>益土(健脾)、生金(補肺)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>明目。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>開心益智。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>添精神。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>定驚悸(邪火退,正氣旺,則心肝寧而驚悸定),</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>除煩渴(瀉火故除煩、生津故止渴)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>通血脈(氣行則血行,賀汝瞻曰∶生脈散用之者,以其通經活血,則脈自生也,古方解散藥、行表藥多用之,皆取其通經而走表也)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>破堅積(氣運則積化)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>消痰水(氣旺則痰行水消)。<BR>  </STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>治虛勞內傷(傷于七情、六欲、飲食、作勞為內傷;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>傷于風寒、暑、濕為外感。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>如內傷發熱,時熱時止;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外感發熱,熱甚無休。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內傷惡寒,得暖便解;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外感惡寒,絮火不除。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內傷頭痛,乍痛乍歇;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外感頭痛,連痛無停。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內傷則手心熱,外感則手背熱。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內傷則口淡無味,外感則鼻塞不通。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>內傷則氣口脈盛,多屬不足,宜溫、宜補、宜和;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>外感則人迎脈盛,多屬有餘,宜汗、宜吐、宜下。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蓋左人迎主表,右氣口主里也!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昂按∶東垣辨內傷外感最詳,恐人以治外感者治內傷也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>今人緣東垣之言,凡外傷風寒發熱咳嗽者,概不輕易表散,每用潤肺退熱藥,間附秦艽、蘇梗、柴胡、前胡一二味,而羌活、防風等絕不敢用。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>不思秦艽陽明藥,柴胡少陽藥,于太陽有何涉乎?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以致風寒久鬱,嗽熱不止,變成虛損,殺人多矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>此又以內傷治外感之誤也,附此正之)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>發熱自汗(自汗屬陽虛,盜汗屬陰虛,亦有過服參、而汗反盛者,以陽盛陰虛,陽愈補而陰愈虧也,又宜清熱養血,而汗自止)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>多夢紛紜,嘔噦反胃,虛咳喘促(《蒙筌》曰∶歌有肺熱還傷肺之句,惟言寒熱,不辨虛實,若肺中實熱者忌之,虛熱者服之何害?</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰∶諸痛無補法,不用參。若久病虛痛,何嘗忌此耶),</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>瘧痢滑瀉(始痢宜下,久痢宜補,治瘧意同。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>丹溪曰∶葉先生患痢,後甚逼迫,正合承氣證,予曰氣口脈虛,形雖實而面黃白,必過飽傷胃,與參、朮、陳、芍十余帖,三日後胃氣消完,再與承氣湯二帖而安。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又曰∶補未至而下,則病者不能當;補已至而弗下,則藥反添藥。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>匪急匪徐,其間間不容發,噫,微哉!</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>昂按∶此先補後下法之變者也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非胸有定見者,不可輕用,</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>然後學亦宜知之。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>大承氣湯,大黃、芒硝、枳實、濃樸)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>淋瀝脹滿(《發明》云∶胸脅逆滿,由中氣不足作脹者宜補之,而脹自除,經所謂塞因塞用也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>俗醫泥于作飽不敢用,不知少服反滋壅,多服則宣通,補之,正所以導之也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>皇甫嵩,著《本草發明》)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>中暑、中風及一切血證(東垣曰∶古人治大吐血,脈芤洪者,並用人參。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>脫血者先益其氣,蓋血不自生,須得生陽氣之藥乃生,陽生則陰長之義也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>若單用補血藥,血無由而生矣。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>凡虛勞吐血,能受補者易治,不能受補者難治)。<BR>  </STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>黃潤緊實,似人形者良。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>去蘆用。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>補劑用熟,瀉火用生。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>煉膏服,能回元氣于無何有之鄉(有火者,天冬膏對服)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>參生時背陽向陰,不喜風日,宜焙用,忌鐵。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>茯苓為使。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>畏五靈脂。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>惡皂莢、黑豆、紫石英、人溲、鹹鹵。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>反藜蘆(言聞曰∶東垣理脾胃,瀉陰火,交泰丸內用人參、皂莢,是惡而不惡也;</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>古方療月閉,四物湯加人參、五靈脂,是畏而不畏也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>又療痰在胸膈、人參藜蘆同用,而取其涌越,是激其怒性也。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>非洞奧達權者不能知)。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>人參蘆能涌吐痰涎,體虛人用之,以代瓜蒂</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>(丹溪曰∶人參入手太陰、補陽中之陰。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>蘆反能瀉太陰之陽,亦猶麻黃根、苗不同。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>痰在膈,在經絡,非吐不可,吐中就有發散之義。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>一婦性躁味濃,暑月因怒而病呃,作則舉身跳動,昏不知人。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>其人形氣俱實,乃痰因怒郁,氣不得降,非吐不可。</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</P>
<P><STRONG>以參蘆半兩,逆流水煎服,吐頑痰數碗,大汗昏睡而安)。<BR><BR></P>
<P align=center></STRONG></P>
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